Use of selected minerals as secondary raw materials in cement industry. Part II: Effect on clinker structure

Tsivilis, S; Kakali, G; Stamatakis, M; Kolovos, K; Voglis, N; Choupa, K; Vasilatos, Ch

dc.contributor.author	Tsivilis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Kakali, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Stamatakis, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Kolovos, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Voglis, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Choupa, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Vasilatos, Ch	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:17:18Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:17:18Z
dc.date.issued	2001	en
dc.identifier.issn	10139826	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/14443
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034782588&partnerID=40&md5=048e11bc99e23f982d54c9b08e4abf2d	en
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034782588&partnerID=40&md5=048e11bc99e23f982d54c9b08e4abf2d	en
dc.subject	Cement	en
dc.subject	Clinker	en
dc.subject	Mineral additions	en
dc.subject	Raw mix	en
dc.subject	Structure	en
dc.subject.other	Burnability	en
dc.subject.other	Cement raw mix	en
dc.subject.other	Clinkers	en
dc.subject.other	Low temperature effects	en
dc.subject.other	Minerals	en
dc.subject.other	Raw materials	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Sintering	en
dc.subject.other	Cement manufacture	en
dc.title	Use of selected minerals as secondary raw materials in cement industry. Part II: Effect on clinker structure	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.publicationDate	2001	en
heal.abstract	The use of selected secondary materials for improving the reactivity of cement raw mix, is a challenging subject. It is known that certain foreign elements exert a considerable effect on the cement raw mix burnability and clinker structure, even at low concentration. This work is part of a project on the use of selected minerals as a source of elements having a positive effect on the burnability of cement raw mix. The minerals, iron rich wolframite, stibnite and a wolframite-stibnite assemblage, were selected in order to introduce W, Sb and S in the cement raw mix. One reference and twelve modified mixtures, prepared by mixing the reference sample with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % w/w of the above minerals, were studied. Their effect on the burnability is discussed in Part I. The subject of this paper is their effect on the structure of the produced clinker. The XRD studies, performed in samples that were burned at 1450°C, showed that the diffraction patterns correspond to a structure of a typical clinker, obtained at the above temperatures. In addition, samples sintered at lower temperature (1200-1400°C) were examined in order to investigate the effect of the additives on the intermediate products. It is concluded that the added compounds affect mainly the structure of calcium aluminate and calcium aluminoferrite phases, due to their dissolution in the melt formed during the sintering. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used in order to examine the structure of the clinker and the distribution of the foreign elements in its main phases. It is shown that W and Sb are mainly concentrated in the solidified melt. In addition, bigger and more roundish alite crystals are found in these samples. These modifications are attributed to the effect of the added elements on the properties of the melt. © 2002 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	en
heal.journalName	Key Engineering Materials	en
dc.identifier.issue	213 PART 3	en
dc.identifier.spage	1895	en
dc.identifier.epage	1898	en