Introducing the STAMP method in road tunnel safety assessment

Kazaras, K; Kirytopoulos, K; Rentizelas, A

dc.contributor.author	Kazaras, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Kirytopoulos, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Rentizelas, A	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:09:21Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:09:21Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	09257535	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/29832
dc.subject	Quantitative Risk Assessment	en
dc.subject	Road tunnels	en
dc.subject	Safety assessment	en
dc.subject	STAMP	en
dc.subject	Systems theory	en
dc.subject.other	Organizational aspects	en
dc.subject.other	Organizational factors	en
dc.subject.other	Organizational structures	en
dc.subject.other	Physical aspects	en
dc.subject.other	Quantitative estimation	en
dc.subject.other	Quantitative risk assessment	en
dc.subject.other	Risk assessment methods	en
dc.subject.other	Road tunnel	en
dc.subject.other	Road tunnel safety	en
dc.subject.other	Safety assessments	en
dc.subject.other	Software behavior	en
dc.subject.other	STAMP	en
dc.subject.other	Systems thinking	en
dc.subject.other	Technical systems	en
dc.subject.other	Tunnel ventilation systems	en
dc.subject.other	Behavioral research	en
dc.subject.other	Risk assessment	en
dc.subject.other	Risk perception	en
dc.subject.other	Roads and streets	en
dc.subject.other	System theory	en
dc.subject.other	Ventilation	en
dc.subject.other	Safety engineering	en
dc.subject.other	accident prevention	en
dc.subject.other	accident proneness	en
dc.subject.other	algorithm	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	control system	en
dc.subject.other	explosion	en
dc.subject.other	fire	en
dc.subject.other	human	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	process model	en
dc.subject.other	quantitative analysis	en
dc.subject.other	risk assessment	en
dc.subject.other	risk factor	en
dc.subject.other	structure collapse	en
dc.subject.other	systems theory	en
dc.subject.other	traffic accident	en
dc.subject.other	traffic safety	en
dc.title	Introducing the STAMP method in road tunnel safety assessment	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.ssci.2012.04.013	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.04.013	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	After the tremendous accidents in European road tunnels over the past decade, many risk assessment methods have been proposed worldwide, most of them based on Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). Although QRAs are helpful to address physical aspects and facilities of tunnels, current approaches in the road tunnel field have limitations to model organizational aspects, software behavior and the adaptation of the tunnel system over time. This paper reviews the aforementioned limitations and highlights the need to enhance the safety assessment process of these critical infrastructures with a complementary approach that links the organizational factors to the operational and technical issues, analyze software behavior and models the dynamics of the tunnel system. To achieve this objective, this paper examines the scope for introducing a safety assessment method which is based on the systems thinking paradigm and draws upon the STAMP model. The method proposed is demonstrated through a case study of a tunnel ventilation system and the results show that it has the potential to identify scenarios that encompass both the technical system and the organizational structure. However, since the method does not provide quantitative estimations of risk, it is recommended to be used as a complementary approach to the traditional risk assessments rather than as an alternative. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	en
heal.journalName	Safety Science	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.ssci.2012.04.013	en
dc.identifier.volume	50	en
dc.identifier.issue	9	en
dc.identifier.spage	1806	en
dc.identifier.epage	1817	en