High temperature pyrolysis of novolac resin biomass composites

Simitzis, J

dc.contributor.author	Simitzis, J	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:09:54Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:09:54Z
dc.date.issued	1994	en
dc.identifier.issn	0165-2370	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/11243
dc.subject	Composites	en
dc.subject	Gas chromatography	en
dc.subject	Novolac	en
dc.subject	Olive stone biomass	en
dc.subject	Pyrolysis	en
dc.subject	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.classification	Chemistry, Analytical	en
dc.subject.classification	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Carbonization	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical bonds	en
dc.subject.other	Composite materials	en
dc.subject.other	Crosslinking	en
dc.subject.other	Curing	en
dc.subject.other	Gas chromatography	en
dc.subject.other	Lignin	en
dc.subject.other	Mixtures	en
dc.subject.other	Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Polymers	en
dc.subject.other	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Hexamethylenetetramine	en
dc.subject.other	Novolac resin	en
dc.subject.other	Olive stone biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Stabilization effects	en
dc.subject.other	Pyrolysis	en
dc.title	High temperature pyrolysis of novolac resin biomass composites	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/0165-2370(94)00810-8	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(94)00810-8	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	1994	en
heal.abstract	Composites of novolac resin (N.R.) and biomass derived from olive stones(OL.B.), in various proportions, were cured with hexamethylenetetramine (HTA) and pyrolyzed up to 900 degrees C. The pyrolysis mechanism was monitored using TGA and gas chromatography. The pyrolysis regions, as well as important pyrolysis parameters of the materials used, were determined. Cured and pyrolyzed composites of N.R./OL.B. varied from 20/80 to 75/25, exhibiting at temperatures up to approx. 600 degrees C lower weight losses than expected by the rule of mixtures, owing to additional cross linkages of lignin with HTA. This stabilization effect vanished during pyrolysis at higher temperatures because of the breaking of other chemical bonds, e.g. cross linkages. The release of CH, during the pyrolysis of OL.B. is derived from the lignin contained in OL.B. The other gases, CO, CO2 and H-2, could be formed from celluose, hemicellulose and lignin which are the main components of OL.B. The use of N.R. in the initial mixture with OL.B. reduces the weight losses during pyrolysis compared with OL.B. alone. A heating rate of 1O degrees C/min was necessary for the carbonization processes of OL.B. and its mixtures with N.R. in order to promote minimum weight loss of material and minimum pyrolysis time.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/0165-2370(94)00810-8	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:A1994PY55800003	en
dc.identifier.volume	30	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	161	en
dc.identifier.epage	171	en