Ion exchange resins from phenol/formaldehyde resin-modified lignin

Zoumpoulakis, L; Simitzis, J

dc.contributor.author	Zoumpoulakis, L	en
dc.contributor.author	Simitzis, J	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:16:39Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:16:39Z
dc.date.issued	2001	en
dc.identifier.issn	0959-8103	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/14152
dc.subject	Hydroxymethylation	en
dc.subject	Ion exchanger	en
dc.subject	Lignin	en
dc.subject	Modified	en
dc.subject	Phenol/formaldehyde resin	en
dc.subject	Resins	en
dc.subject	Titration curves	en
dc.subject.classification	Polymer Science	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Infrared spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Ion exchange resins	en
dc.subject.other	Phenolic resins	en
dc.subject.other	Polymerization	en
dc.subject.other	Olive stone biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Titration curve	en
dc.subject.other	Organic polymers	en
dc.subject.other	ion exchange	en
dc.subject.other	resin	en
dc.title	Ion exchange resins from phenol/formaldehyde resin-modified lignin	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1002/pi.621	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.621	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2001	en
heal.abstract	Phenol/formaldehyde resin, commonly sulfonated, is used as ion exchanger. Lignin, which is the phenolic polymer matrix in wood, was isolated from olive stone biomass by alkaline hydrolysis of weak ether bonds (Kraft lignin, KRL). It was then hydroxymethylated (KRLH) with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde. Novolac resin (N) was synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde under acidic conditions. KRL or KRLH was incorporated into phenol/formaldehyde during polymerization (N-KRL, N-KRLH). The products of polymerization (N, N-KRL and N-KRLH) were sulfonated with concentrated H2SO4 (1:3 w/w as typical proportion according to literature or 1:6 w/w as an excess of H2SO4) and then cross-linked with formaldehyde. The different products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, swelling in ethanol, acetone and in an aqueous solution of 1 N NaOH. The ion-exchange capacity, the moisture retention capacity and the titration curves of the sulfonated and cured products were determined. The ion-exchange capacity and the uptake of metal ions (mainly Co2+ and Cu2+) detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy, on the sulfonated materials, prepared in an excess of H2SO4, is higher for N-KRL and N-KRLH than for N and it takes place at the same rate or faster. The latter shows a medium acidic behaviour according to the titration curves, in contrast with the sulfonated N-KRLH and N-KRL, which show a strongly acidic behaviour. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.	en
heal.publisher	JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD	en
heal.journalName	Polymer International	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1002/pi.621	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000167017300003	en
dc.identifier.volume	50	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	277	en
dc.identifier.epage	283	en