An extensive non-destructive and micro-spectroscopic study of two post-Byzantine overpainted icons of the 16th century

Daniilia, S; Bikiaris, D; Burgio, L; Gavala, P; Clark, RJH; Chryssoulakis, Y

dc.contributor.author	Daniilia, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Bikiaris, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Burgio, L	en
dc.contributor.author	Gavala, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Clark, RJH	en
dc.contributor.author	Chryssoulakis, Y	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:17:26Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:17:26Z
dc.date.issued	2002	en
dc.identifier.issn	0377-0486	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/14537
dc.subject	Copper	en
dc.subject	Egg Yolk	en
dc.subject	Ir Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject	Linseed Oil	en
dc.subject	Optical Microscopy	en
dc.subject	Structured Data	en
dc.subject	Uv Light	en
dc.subject	Carbon Black	en
dc.subject	Fourier Transform	en
dc.subject	Prussian Blue	en
dc.subject.classification	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	mercury sulfide	en
dc.subject.other	pigment	en
dc.subject.other	analytic method	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	infrared spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	painting	en
dc.subject.other	photography	en
dc.subject.other	preservation	en
dc.subject.other	radiography	en
dc.subject.other	Raman spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	religion	en
dc.subject.other	ultraviolet radiation	en
dc.title	An extensive non-destructive and micro-spectroscopic study of two post-Byzantine overpainted icons of the 16th century	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1002/jrs.907	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.907	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2002	en
heal.abstract	This work is an extensive study of two post-Byzantine icons, 'Our Lady, the Life-giving Spring' and 'Saint Athanasios the Athonite,' both painted during the 16th century and now kept at Saint Modestos's Church in Kalamitsi, Chalkidiki, Greece. The icons were examined using non-destructive and microanalytical techniques, namely fluorescence photography under UV light, x-radiography and optical microscopy, in addition to micro-Raman and micro-Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. This study allowed the assessment of the current state of preservation of these icons, revealed prior damage and identified in detail the pigments and materials used in the original paintings and overpaintings. Moreover, it confirmed the usefulness of this approach to the detailed evaluation of icons in general and provided significant structural data on representative portable icons of Cretan-style religious painting. The palette for the original paintings of the two icons consists of the natural pigments caput mortuum, yellow ochre, carbon black, azurite, green earth, cinnabar, white lead, red lake and copper resinate; egg yolk was used as the binder. By contrast, the rather elementary overpaintings are of low tonality, consisting predominantly of mixtures of minium and carbon black, and also the synthetic pigments ultramarine blue, ""chrome green"" (Prussian blue + lead chromate), chrome yellow and lithopone. A blend of linseed oil and egg provided the binder for the pigments used. The same artist is understood from art historians to have overpainted both icons at the beginning of the 20th century. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	en
heal.publisher	JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Raman Spectroscopy	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1002/jrs.907	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000178795200008	en
dc.identifier.volume	33	en
dc.identifier.issue	10	en
dc.identifier.spage	807	en
dc.identifier.epage	814	en