Fuel adulteration issues in Greece

Kalligeros, S; Zannikos, F; Stournas, S; Lois, E

dc.contributor.author	Kalligeros, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Zannikos, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Stournas, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Lois, E	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:19:00Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:19:00Z
dc.date.issued	2003	en
dc.identifier.issn	0360-5442	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/15315
dc.subject	Engine Performance	en
dc.subject	Environmental Pollution	en
dc.subject	Indexation	en
dc.subject	European Union	en
dc.subject	Member States	en
dc.subject.classification	Thermodynamics	en
dc.subject.classification	Energy & Fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Automotive fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Contamination	en
dc.subject.other	Diesel fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	Gasoline	en
dc.subject.other	Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Fuel adulteration	en
dc.subject.other	Fuels	en
dc.subject.other	energy market	en
dc.subject.other	European Union	en
dc.subject.other	fuel	en
dc.subject.other	petroleum	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.title	Fuel adulteration issues in Greece	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00091-9	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00091-9	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2003	en
heal.abstract	The fuel adulteration problem is associated with environmental pollution, problems with engine performance, and tax losses. Here, results are presented of a survey in leaded gasoline and automotive diesel, obtained from service stations representative of all the oil companies operating in Greece. For this purpose, 165 samples of gasoline and 420 samples of automotive diesel were collected from various parts of the country during the years 1998, 1999, and 2000. The gasoline samples were subsequently analyzed for their key properties and for any adulteration with cheaper unleaded gasoline. Octane number, benzene, olefins, and total aromatics were determined with the mid-IR method" and the sulfur content with a UVF elemental analyzer; The analysis of the automotive diesel samples concerned some key properties such as the cetane index, density, sulfur content, and the distillation properties of the fuel. The results indicate that there is a large fluctuation of fuel properties among the oil marketers. Examination of the quinizarin content (the tracer of unleaded gasoline) has shown that 11 leaded gasoline samples (8.8%) were mixed with unleaded gasoline, 5 leaded gasoline samples (4%) were mixed with aromatic solvents, whereas about 28% of the automotive diesel samples suffered from some degree of adulteration, mainly with cheaper heating fuel; and one automotive diesel sample was adulterated with a lighter fraction. Fuel misuse is a common problem not only for European countries but for practically every nation in the world. The European Union recently expressed its concern on this issue, mandating that by the year 2002 all the member states will promote the development of a uniform system for fuel quality monitoring. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	en
heal.journalName	Energy	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00091-9	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000179997400002	en
dc.identifier.volume	28	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.spage	15	en
dc.identifier.epage	26	en