Salt-induced decay in calcareous stone monuments and buildings in a marine environment in SW France

Cardell, C; Delalieux, F; Roumpopoulos, K; Moropoulou, A; Auger, F; Van Grieken, R

dc.contributor.author	Cardell, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Delalieux, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Roumpopoulos, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Moropoulou, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Auger, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Van Grieken, R	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:19:30Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:19:30Z
dc.date.issued	2003	en
dc.identifier.issn	0950-0618	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/15538
dc.subject	Architectural heritage	en
dc.subject	Calcareous stones	en
dc.subject	Marine environment	en
dc.subject	Salt weathering	en
dc.subject	SW France	en
dc.subject.classification	Construction & Building Technology	en
dc.subject.classification	Materials Science, Multidisciplinary	en
dc.subject.other	Aerosols	en
dc.subject.other	Air pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Buildings	en
dc.subject.other	Economic and social effects	en
dc.subject.other	Fatigue of materials	en
dc.subject.other	Granular materials	en
dc.subject.other	Pore size	en
dc.subject.other	Rocks	en
dc.subject.other	Saline water	en
dc.subject.other	Tensile strength	en
dc.subject.other	Self-induced decay	en
dc.subject.other	Weathering	en
dc.title	Salt-induced decay in calcareous stone monuments and buildings in a marine environment in SW France	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2003	en
heal.abstract	Salt weathering can be a hazard with significant cultural and economic implications. Salt-induced deterioration of architectural heritage is considered to be accelerated drastically in marine environments. This article investigates the weathering mechanisms and weathering forms in two calcareous stone types used in monuments and buildings on the SW coast of France. The mineralogical, chemical, textural and pore-system characteristics of freshly quarried and decayed stones from quarry, monuments and buildings were determined, and salts loading identified. The stones' resistance against salt weathering was estimated by comparing calculated crystallisation pressures, which are function of the pore size distribution, with the tensile strengths measured by Auger [Alteration des roches sous influence marine; degradation des pierres en oeuvre et simulation acceleree en laboratoir. These Doctorat d'Etat es Siences. Universite de Poitiers, France (1987)]. Results show that Crazannes sparite and La Pallice micrite behave differently with respect to water and salt-spray absorption and local salt precipitation since their pore networks, which control hydric properties, are different. Therefore, diverse weathering patterns due to salt crystallisation pressures were identified in the stones as influenced largely by their pore size distribution: alveolar weathering and granular disintegration in the sparite vs. flaking and micro-fissuring in the micrite. These mechanisms operate in response to salt inputs from a variety of sources - mainly marine aerosols and atmospheric pollution - as corroborated by the so-called enrichment factors (EFs). Wind is believed to trigger alveolar weathering in the heterogeneous sparite. Short-term observations in La Pallice micrite show rapid salt-induced breakdown through 'fatigue' effects. Determining factors involved in stone deterioration is important in the design of proper interventions for protecting historic buildings. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD	en
heal.journalName	Construction and Building Materials	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000181682600003	en
dc.identifier.volume	17	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	165	en
dc.identifier.epage	179	en