Assessment of elemental composition, microstructure, and hardness of stainless steel endodontic files and reamers

Darabara, M; Bourithis, L; Zinelis, S; Papadimitriou, GD

dc.contributor.author	Darabara, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Bourithis, L	en
dc.contributor.author	Zinelis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Papadimitriou, GD	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:19:55Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:19:55Z
dc.date.issued	2004	en
dc.identifier.issn	0099-2399	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/15772
dc.subject	Elemental Composition	en
dc.subject	Microstructures	en
dc.subject	Stainless Steel	en
dc.subject.classification	Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine	en
dc.subject.other	stainless steel	en
dc.subject.other	analysis of variance	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	biomedical engineering	en
dc.subject.other	dental equipment	en
dc.subject.other	embedding	en
dc.subject.other	endodontics	en
dc.subject.other	hardness	en
dc.subject.other	material state	en
dc.subject.other	materials testing	en
dc.subject.other	medical technology	en
dc.subject.other	rigidity	en
dc.subject.other	scanning electron microscope	en
dc.subject.other	scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	structure analysis	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	X ray microanalysis	en
dc.subject.other	Acid Etching, Dental	en
dc.subject.other	Analysis of Variance	en
dc.subject.other	Chemistry, Physical	en
dc.subject.other	Chromium	en
dc.subject.other	Dental Polishing	en
dc.subject.other	Electron Probe Microanalysis	en
dc.subject.other	Equipment Design	en
dc.subject.other	Hardness	en
dc.subject.other	Humans	en
dc.subject.other	Iron	en
dc.subject.other	Materials Testing	en
dc.subject.other	Microscopy, Electron, Scanning	en
dc.subject.other	Nickel	en
dc.subject.other	Root Canal Preparation	en
dc.subject.other	Stainless Steel	en
dc.subject.other	Surface Properties	en
dc.subject.other	X-Ray Diffraction	en
dc.title	Assessment of elemental composition, microstructure, and hardness of stainless steel endodontic files and reamers	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1097/00004770-200407000-00015	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200407000-00015	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2004	en
heal.abstract	The purpose of this study was to determine the elemental composition, microstructure, and hardness of commercially available reamers, K files, and H files. Five instruments of each type from different manufacturers (Antaeos, FKG, Maillefer, Mani, and Micromega) were embedded in epoxy resin along their longitudinal axis. After metallographic grinding and polishing, the specimens were chemically etched and their microstructure investigated under an incident light microscope. The specimens were studied under a scanning electron microscope, and their elemental compositions were determined by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The same surfaces were repolished and X-ray diffraction was performed. The same specimen surface was used for the assessment of the Vickers hardness (HV200) by using a microhardness tester with a 200-g load and 20-s contact time. The hardness results were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). All files demonstrated extensively elongated grains parallel to longitudinal file axis because of cold drawing. The elemental composition of Maillefer and Mani reamers, Antaeos K files, and Mani H files were found in the range of AISI 303 SS, whereas all the rest were determined as AISI 304 SS. Two different phases (austenite SSt and martensite SSt) were identified with X-ray diffraction for all files tested. The results of hardness classified reamers in the following decreasing order (HMV200): Micromega = 673 +/- 29(a), Mani 662 +/- 24(a), Maillefer = 601 +/- 34(b), Antaeos = 586 +/-18(b), FKG = 557 +/- 19(c), and the K files (HV200): FKG 673 +/- 16(a), Mani = 647 +/- 19(a), Maillefer = 603 +/- 41(b), Antaeos = 566 +/- 21(cb), Micromega = 555 +/- 15(c), and the H files (HMV200): Mani = 640 +/- 12(a), FKG 583 +/- 31(b), Maillefer = 581 +/- 5(b), Antaeos = 573 +/- 3(b), Micromega = 546 +/- 14(b). Although only two stainless steel alloys were used for the production of endodontic files, the differences in hardness are independent to the alloys used, implying that other factors, such as the production method or the thermomechanical history of the alloys, play an important role on the mechanical properties of endodontic files.	en
heal.publisher	LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Endodontics	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1097/00004770-200407000-00015	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000222404600015	en
dc.identifier.volume	30	en
dc.identifier.issue	7	en
dc.identifier.spage	523	en
dc.identifier.epage	526	en