Echogenicity of B-mode Sonographic Images of the Carotid Artery: Work in Progress

Golemati, S; Tegos, TJ; Sassano, A; Nikita, KS; Nicolaides, AN

dc.contributor.author	Golemati, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Tegos, TJ	en
dc.contributor.author	Sassano, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Nikita, KS	en
dc.contributor.author	Nicolaides, AN	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:20:17Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:20:17Z
dc.date.issued	2004	en
dc.identifier.issn	0278-4297	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/15878
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2342622143&partnerID=40&md5=25fc6a76b4aab40f87903e3386f0ddea	en
dc.subject	Atherosclerosis	en
dc.subject	B-mode sonography	en
dc.subject	Carotid plaque	en
dc.subject	Echogenicity	en
dc.subject	Gray level histogram	en
dc.subject	Mathematical descriptors	en
dc.subject.classification	Acoustics	en
dc.subject.classification	Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging	en
dc.subject.other	Cardiovascular system	en
dc.subject.other	Entropy	en
dc.subject.other	Medical imaging	en
dc.subject.other	Muscle	en
dc.subject.other	Statistical methods	en
dc.subject.other	Tissue	en
dc.subject.other	Ultrasonic effects	en
dc.subject.other	Echogenicity	en
dc.subject.other	Muscle fibers	en
dc.subject.other	Sonographic images	en
dc.subject.other	Blood vessels	en
dc.subject.other	adult	en
dc.subject.other	aged	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	atherosclerotic plaque	en
dc.subject.other	B scan	en
dc.subject.other	carotid artery	en
dc.subject.other	clinical article	en
dc.subject.other	comparative study	en
dc.subject.other	controlled study	en
dc.subject.other	diastolic blood pressure	en
dc.subject.other	energy	en
dc.subject.other	entropy	en
dc.subject.other	heart cycle	en
dc.subject.other	histogram	en
dc.subject.other	human	en
dc.subject.other	image analysis	en
dc.subject.other	muscle tissue	en
dc.subject.other	reproducibility	en
dc.subject.other	sternocleidomastoid muscle	en
dc.subject.other	Student t test	en
dc.subject.other	systolic blood pressure	en
dc.subject.other	validation process	en
dc.subject.other	Aged	en
dc.subject.other	Carotid Artery Diseases	en
dc.subject.other	Carotid Artery, Internal	en
dc.subject.other	Humans	en
dc.subject.other	Neck Muscles	en
dc.title	Echogenicity of B-mode Sonographic Images of the Carotid Artery: Work in Progress	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2004	en
heal.abstract	Objective. The echogenicity of the carotid atheromatous plaque estimated from B-mode sonographic images may be related to plaque content and has been analyzed with a number of techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare plaque with surrounding muscle tissue echogenicity and to validate the use of first-order mathematical descriptors as determinants of tissue echogenicity. Methods. We estimated echogenicity descriptors for regions in the following 3 distinct areas of a typical B-mode sonographic image of a diseased carotid artery: plaque, blood, and sternocleidomastoid muscle. Two-dimensional B-mode sonographic images from 19 symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques (17 subjects) were interrogated, in which the following estimators were calculated: minimal, maximal, mean, and median gray levels, SD of gray levels, coefficient of variation, and gray level skewness, kurtosis, entropy, and energy. Plaque echogenicity was estimated at systole and diastole for studying the effect of the phase of the cardiac cycle. To assess the effect of different fascial tissue-muscle fiber composition on the first-order mathematical descriptors, we estimated echogenicity at 3 different sites within the muscle tissue. Results. Compared with the echogenicity of surrounding muscle tissue, plaque echogenicity was characterized by (1) significantly lower (Student t test, P < .05) gray level mean, median, SD, and entropy; (2) significantly higher (Student t test, P < .05) coefficient of variation, gray level skewness, and kurtosis; and (3) similar minimal and maximal gray levels and gray level energy. The phase of the cardiac cycle, systole or diastole, did not affect the estimation of plaque echogenicity. Echogenicity was found to vary within the muscle tissue. The coefficient of variation was significantly higher in the asymptomatic plaques in the small group that was investigated. Conclusions. First-order statistical descriptors may be used to characterize atheromatous plaques and the surrounding muscle tissue.	en
heal.publisher	AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000221237600012	en
dc.identifier.volume	23	en
dc.identifier.issue	5	en
dc.identifier.spage	659	en
dc.identifier.epage	669	en