Hydrocarbon storage in unlined rock caverns in Greek limestone

Benardos, AG; Kaliampakos, DC

dc.contributor.author	Benardos, AG	en
dc.contributor.author	Kaliampakos, DC	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:22:29Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:22:29Z
dc.date.issued	2005	en
dc.identifier.issn	0886-7798	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/16583
dc.subject	Cost comparison	en
dc.subject	Limestone	en
dc.subject	Underground oil storage	en
dc.subject	Unlined rock caverns	en
dc.subject.classification	Construction & Building Technology	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Civil	en
dc.subject.other	Caves	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	Law enforcement	en
dc.subject.other	Laws and legislation	en
dc.subject.other	Limestone	en
dc.subject.other	Risk assessment	en
dc.subject.other	Rocks	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrocarbon storage	en
dc.subject.other	Rock caverns	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrocarbons	en
dc.subject.other	economics	en
dc.subject.other	environmental protection	en
dc.subject.other	hydrocarbon	en
dc.subject.other	limestone	en
dc.subject.other	underground storage	en
dc.subject.other	Eastern Hemisphere	en
dc.subject.other	Eurasia	en
dc.subject.other	Europe	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Southern Europe	en
dc.subject.other	World	en
dc.title	Hydrocarbon storage in unlined rock caverns in Greek limestone	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.tust.2004.08.005	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2004.08.005	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2005	en
heal.abstract	The existence of tank farms in the vicinity of cities is a principal component of the urban vulnerability and risk conditions. Even if such environments have been accepted in the past, the enforcement of stricter environmental legislations and the emerging of a strong public opposition towards this co-existence, usually result in the relocation of the facilities. Nevertheless, the relocation process has to overcome a great deal of issues, such as high land cost and strong opposition from neighbouring communities, that often hinder or might even postpone the whole project. Answer to such standstill cases can be given by the development of underground complexes that can facilitate the storage requirements, efficiently and with enhanced environmental protection. Hence, the first area that should be considered for the tank farm relocation is found right beneath the existing facilities. This paper presents the Greek experience, paying special attention to the storage facilities found in the Perama area. The development of an underground storage complex is proposed in that particular area, which could finally offer a viable solution, satisfying the interests of all involved parties. The unlined caverns are to be excavated in limestone bedrock and the characteristics of this alternative are illustrated in detail, followed by the comparative cost analysis between the underground scheme and the surface relocation of the tank farm to another area in Attica. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	en
heal.journalName	Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.tust.2004.08.005	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000225418400008	en
dc.identifier.volume	20	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	175	en
dc.identifier.epage	182	en