Comparative evaluation of two commercial PET scanners, ECAT EXACT HR+ and Biograph 2, using GATE

Karakatsanis, N; Sakellios, N; Tsantilas, NX; Dikaios, N; Tsoumpas, C; Lazaro, D; Loudos, G; Schmidtlein, CR; Louizi, K; Valais, J; Nikolopoulos, D; Malamitsi, J; Kandarakis, J; Nikita, K

dc.contributor.author	Karakatsanis, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Sakellios, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsantilas, NX	en
dc.contributor.author	Dikaios, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsoumpas, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Lazaro, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Loudos, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Schmidtlein, CR	en
dc.contributor.author	Louizi, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Valais, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Nikolopoulos, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Malamitsi, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Kandarakis, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Nikita, K	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:23:42Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:23:42Z
dc.date.issued	2006	en
dc.identifier.issn	0168-9002	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/17107
dc.subject	GATE	en
dc.subject	PET	en
dc.subject	HR	en
dc.subject	biograph	en
dc.subject	Monte Carlo simulations	en
dc.subject	validation	en
dc.subject.classification	Instruments & Instrumentation	en
dc.subject.classification	Nuclear Science & Technology	en
dc.subject.classification	Physics, Particles & Fields	en
dc.subject.classification	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	SIMULATION TOOLKIT	en
dc.title	Comparative evaluation of two commercial PET scanners, ECAT EXACT HR+ and Biograph 2, using GATE	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.110	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.110	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2006	en
heal.abstract	Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) is a generic Monte Carlo simulation platform based on a general-purpose code GEANT4 and designed to simulate positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography systems. Monte Carlo simulations are used in nuclear medicine to model imaging systems and develop and assess tomographic reconstruction algorithms and correction methods for improved image quantification. The purpose of this study is to validate two GATE models of the commercial available PET scanner HR+ and the PET/CT Biograph 2. The geometry of the system components has been described in GATE, including detector ring, crystal blocks, PMTS etc. The energy and spatial resolution of the scanners as given by the manufacturers have been taken into account. The GATE simulated results are compared directly to experimental data obtained using a number of NEMA NU-2-2001 performance protocols, including spatial resolution, sensitivity and scatter fraction. All the respective phantoms are precisely modeled. Furthermore, an approximate dead-time model both at the level of single and coincidence events was developed so that the simulated count rate curve can satisfactorily match the experimental count rate performance curve for each scanner In addition a software tool was developed to build the sinograms from the simulated data and import them into the software for tomographic image reconstruction where the reconstruction algorithm of FBP3DRP was applied. An agreement of less than 0.8 mm was obtained between the spatial resolution of the simulated system and the experimental results. Also the simulated scatter fraction for the NEMA NU 2-2001 scatter phantom matched the experimental results to within 3% of measured values. Finally the ratio of the simulated sensitivities with sources radially offset 0 and 10 cm from the central axis of each of the two scanners reaches an agreement of less than 1 % between the simulated and experimental values. This simulation code will be used in a second phase in order to study scatter phenomena and motion artifacts. The simulation results will be used to optimize image reconstruction algorithms, with emphasis on dynamic PET studies. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.110	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000243241300048	en
dc.identifier.volume	569	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	368	en
dc.identifier.epage	372	en