Monitoring of tunnel behaviour through catacclastic rocks

Georgiannou, VN; Lefas, ID; Boronkay, KA

dc.contributor.author	Georgiannou, VN	en
dc.contributor.author	Lefas, ID	en
dc.contributor.author	Boronkay, KA	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:24:40Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:24:40Z
dc.date.issued	2006	en
dc.identifier.issn	1353-2618	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/17380
dc.subject	Roads & highways	en
dc.subject	Rock mechanic	en
dc.subject	Tunnels & tunneling	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Geological	en
dc.subject.classification	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	en
dc.subject.other	Gypsum	en
dc.subject.other	Highway systems	en
dc.subject.other	Limestone	en
dc.subject.other	Roads and streets	en
dc.subject.other	Rock mechanics	en
dc.subject.other	Rocks	en
dc.subject.other	Surveying	en
dc.subject.other	Roads & highways	en
dc.subject.other	Sedimentary clay formation	en
dc.subject.other	Tunnel diameters	en
dc.subject.other	Tunnels & tunneling	en
dc.subject.other	Vehicular tunnels	en
dc.subject.other	cataclasite	en
dc.subject.other	geological structure	en
dc.subject.other	gypsum	en
dc.subject.other	limestone	en
dc.subject.other	sandy soil	en
dc.subject.other	silt	en
dc.subject.other	tunneling	en
dc.subject.other	Eurasia	en
dc.subject.other	Europe	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Southern Europe	en
dc.title	Monitoring of tunnel behaviour through catacclastic rocks	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1680/geng.2006.159.2.113	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.2006.159.2.113	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2006	en
heal.abstract	Field instrumentation was used in the construction of two twin tunnels for the new Egnatia Motorway in Greece. This paper describes the displacement monitoring results taken during tunnelling through heavily fragmented limestone varying from a block size > 10 cm down to sandy gravel and sandy silt or gouge. The primary lining displacements monitored by surveying methods appear to be directly related to the detailed geological subdivisions of the limestone observed at the tunnel face. Maximum values of settlement were recorded during tunnelling through the gouge and reached 80 mm, while horizontal movements up to 40 mm were recorded associated with outward deflection of the support frames. The development of settlement with time shows that settlement of the tunnel crown and sides increased sharply while the face of the tunnel was within a tunnel diameter of the station point under consideration and reached equilibrium when the excavation face was at least 3 to 4 tunnel diameters beyond it. Surface settlements above the axis of the tunnel were first observed when the face of the tunnel was directly beneath the station. At the entrance portals of the tunnels the limestone overlies a thin sedimentary clay formation and gypsum. Horizontal movements along the interface between the limestone and the underlying clay sequence as well as within a clay/gypsum layer at the portals were observed using a standard inclinometer.	en
heal.publisher	THOMAS TELFORD PUBLISHING	en
heal.journalName	Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Geotechnical Engineering	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1680/geng.2006.159.2.113	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000236625300005	en
dc.identifier.volume	159	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	113	en
dc.identifier.epage	123	en