Ash properties of Pinus halepensis needles treated with diammonium phosphate

Liodakis, S; Katsigiannis, G; Lymperopoulou, T

dc.contributor.author	Liodakis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Katsigiannis, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Lymperopoulou, T	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:25:56Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:25:56Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	0040-6031	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/17832
dc.subject	Diammonium phosphate (DAP)	en
dc.subject	Inductively coupled plasma	en
dc.subject	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject	Thermal analysis	en
dc.subject	X-ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.classification	Chemistry, Analytical	en
dc.subject.classification	Chemistry, Physical	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonium compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Differential thermal analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Inductively coupled plasma	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	Diammonium phosphate (DAP)	en
dc.subject.other	Emission spectrometry (ES)	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus halepensis	en
dc.subject.other	Titrimetry	en
dc.subject.other	Plants (botany)	en
dc.title	Ash properties of Pinus halepensis needles treated with diammonium phosphate	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.022	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.022	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	The ash properties of Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) needles before and after treatment with diammonium phosphate (NH4)(2)HPO4 (DAP) have been investigated, using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), titrimetry, inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP-ES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DAP is extensively used as active component in wildland fire retardants. The following crystalline compounds have been identified in ashes prepared at 600 degrees C before treatment with DAP: KCl, Ca(OH)(2), MgO, (CaMg)CO3, (K2CO3CaCO3)-Ca-., K2CO3, K2SO4, CaO and CaCO3, whereas CaO, MgO, K2SO4, KCO3, CaCO3, KCl and CaO, MgO, K2SO4 and K2CO3 at 900 and 1000 degrees C, respectively. The presence of DAP alters the composition of ashes converting, almost completely at high temperatures, the metallic oxides into phosphate salts. Thus, decreasing their alkalinity. The micrographs obtained by SEM indicate that pine needles ashes contain large porous particles of carbon compounds and several inorganic particles of irregular shape < 1.0 mm, whereas after treating the needles with DAP an amorphous rigid structure was formed. To facilitate our investigation model mixtures of CaCO3 + DAP, MgCO3 + DAP, K2CO3 + DAP were heat treated under the same conditions used for preparing the ashes. The chemical transformations taken place during heating were studied by analysing the reaction products using thermal analysis and XRD. The physical, mineralogical and chemical forest ash properties determined could be used to evaluate the environmental risk of the use of fire retardants on soils, plants and aquatic systems as well as to investigate the mechanism of combustion of forest fuels in the presence of DAP. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	Thermochimica Acta	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.022	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000244121500007	en
dc.identifier.volume	453	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	136	en
dc.identifier.epage	146	en