Fault rupture propagation through sand: Finite-element analysis and validation through centrifuge experiments

Anastasopoulos, I; Gazetas, G; Bransby, MF; Davies, MCR; El Nahas, A

dc.contributor.author	Anastasopoulos, I	en
dc.contributor.author	Gazetas, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Bransby, MF	en
dc.contributor.author	Davies, MCR	en
dc.contributor.author	El Nahas, A	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:26:21Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:26:21Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	1090-0241	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/18032
dc.subject	Finite Element Analysis	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Geological	en
dc.subject.classification	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	en
dc.subject.other	DIRECT SHEAR TESTS	en
dc.subject.other	DIP-SLIP FAULTS	en
dc.subject.other	SOIL	en
dc.subject.other	DEFORMATION	en
dc.subject.other	EVOLUTION	en
dc.subject.other	FAILURE	en
dc.subject.other	MODELS	en
dc.subject.other	BANDS	en
dc.title	Fault rupture propagation through sand: Finite-element analysis and validation through centrifuge experiments	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	The three notorious earthquakes of 1999 in Turkey (Kocaeli and Duzce) and Taiwan (Chi-Chi), having offered numerous examples of surface fault rupturing underneath civil engineering structures, prompted increased interest in the subject. This paper develops a nonlinear finite-clement methodology to study dip-slip ("normal" and "reverse") fault rupture propagation through sand. The procedure is verified through successful Class A predictions of four centrifuge model tests. The validated methodology is then utilized in a parametric study of fault rupture propagation through sand. Emphasis is given to results of engineering significance, such as: (1) the location of fault outcropping; (2) the vertical displacement profile of the ground surface; and (3) the minimum fault offset at bedrock necessary for the rupture to reach the ground surface. The analysis shows that dip-slip faults refract at the soil-rock interface, initially increasing in dip. Normal faults may keep increasing their dip as they approach the ground surface, as a function of the peak friction angle rho(p) and the angle of dilation psi(p). In contrast, reverse faults tend to decrease in dip, as they emerge on the ground surface. For small values of the base fault offset, h, relative to the soil thickness, H, a dip-slip rupture cannot propagate all the way to the surface. The h/H ratio required for outcropping is an increasing function of soil "ductility." Reverse faults require significantly higher h/H to outcrop, compared to normal faults. When the rupture outcrops, the height of the fault scrap, s, also depends on soil ductility.	en
heal.publisher	ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS	en
heal.journalName	JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000248137300004	en
dc.identifier.volume	133	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.spage	943	en
dc.identifier.epage	958	en