Levels of ultrafine particles in different microenvironments - Implications to children exposure

Diapouli, E; Chaloulakou, A; Spyrellis, N

dc.contributor.author	Diapouli, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Chaloulakou, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Spyrellis, N	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:26:33Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:26:33Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	0048-9697	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/18124
dc.subject	Children exposure levels	en
dc.subject	Diurnal cycles	en
dc.subject	Indoor-to-outdoor ratio	en
dc.subject	Ultrafine particles counts	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.other	Cleaning	en
dc.subject.other	Indoor air pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Parameter estimation	en
dc.subject.other	Urban planning	en
dc.subject.other	Vehicles	en
dc.subject.other	Children	en
dc.subject.other	Diurnal cycles	en
dc.subject.other	Microenvironments	en
dc.subject.other	Ultrafine particles	en
dc.subject.other	Particles (particulate matter)	en
dc.subject.other	air quality	en
dc.subject.other	child health	en
dc.subject.other	epidemiology	en
dc.subject.other	particulate matter	en
dc.subject.other	pollution exposure	en
dc.subject.other	pollution monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	public health	en
dc.subject.other	traffic emission	en
dc.subject.other	air pollutant	en
dc.subject.other	airborne particle	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	child health	en
dc.subject.other	exhaust gas	en
dc.subject.other	health hazard	en
dc.subject.other	high risk population	en
dc.subject.other	indoor air pollution	en
dc.subject.other	particle size	en
dc.subject.other	particulate matter	en
dc.subject.other	pollution monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	population exposure	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	traffic and transport	en
dc.subject.other	urbanization	en
dc.subject.other	Air Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Air Pollution, Indoor	en
dc.subject.other	Child	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Exposure	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Housing	en
dc.subject.other	Humans	en
dc.subject.other	Motor Vehicles	en
dc.subject.other	Particle Size	en
dc.subject.other	Particulate Matter	en
dc.subject.other	Schools	en
dc.subject.other	Vehicle Emissions	en
dc.subject.other	Athens [Attica]	en
dc.subject.other	Attica	en
dc.subject.other	Eurasia	en
dc.subject.other	Europe	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Southern Europe	en
dc.title	Levels of ultrafine particles in different microenvironments - Implications to children exposure	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.063	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.063	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	Indoor and outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs) (0.01 to greater than I gm) concentration levels were examined in the area of Athens during cold period of 2003 and 2004. Seven primary schools, located in areas with different characteristics of urbanization and traffic density, as well as a typical suburban residence, were monitored. Moreover, in-vehicle concentration levels, while driving along major avenues and in the heavy-trafficked centre of Athens, were measured (mean route duration: 45 min). UFPs number concentration was monitored by condensation particle counter (model CPC 3007), with a logging time interval of I min. The highest mean indoor concentrations were observed in a small carpet-covered library and a teachers' office (8-hour mean equal to 52.6 center dot 10(3) particles/cm(3) and 50.2 center dot 10(3) particles/cm(3), respectively), at the same school unit. The highest outdoor concentrations (8-hour mean equal to 36.9 center dot 10(3) particleS/cm(3) and 38.8 center dot 10(3) particles/cm(3)) were measured at two schools, both affected by heavy traffic. Finally, the highest in-vehicle concentrations (148.0 center dot 10(3)-173.0 center dot 10(3) particles/cm(3)) were measured in central commercial areas of Athens during, on average, 55 min drives. Indoor-to-outdoor concentration (I/O) ratios were below 1.00 at all sites. The largest ratio (0.88) was observed in the residence, during a day when there was cleaning activity in the room monitored. Outdoor concentrations diurnal cycles, both outside the schools and the residence, were closely related to traffic. Indoor concentrations inside schools were relatively stable in classrooms. Nevertheless, number concentrations exhibited variability when there were significant changes in room occupancy. Diurnal variation of indoor concentrations at the residence followed the respective outdoor one with a delay of 1h or less, in the absence of strong indoor sources, indicating the major contribution of outdoor UFPs to the indoor concentration levels. The present work is the first effort to examine UFPs indoor and outdoor concentration levels in the area of Athens. The obtained concentration data give an insight on the concentration levels to which children may be exposed. They may be also very useful in epidemiological studies, in order to estimate children total personal exposure though the calculation of exposures received in different microenvironments. This kind of studies may contribute to the design of effective policies and mitigation measures for the protection of public health. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	Science of the Total Environment	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.063	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000251185300014	en
dc.identifier.volume	388	en
dc.identifier.issue	1-3	en
dc.identifier.spage	128	en
dc.identifier.epage	136	en