Qualitative monitoring of tertiary treated wastewater reuse extensive distribution system: Total coliforms number and residual chlorine concentration

Gaki, E; Banou, S; Ntigkakis, D; Andreadakis, A; Borboudaki, K; Drakopoulou, S; Manios, T

dc.contributor.author	Gaki, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Banou, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Ntigkakis, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Andreadakis, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Borboudaki, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Drakopoulou, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Manios, T	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:26:57Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:26:57Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	1093-4529	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/18301
dc.subject	Distribution system	en
dc.subject	Residual chlorine	en
dc.subject	Reuse	en
dc.subject	Total coliforms	en
dc.subject	Wastewater	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Environmental	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorination	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	Coliform bacteria	en
dc.subject.other	Concentration (process)	en
dc.subject.other	Effluents	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater reclamation	en
dc.subject.other	Water distribution systems	en
dc.subject.other	Residual chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	Storage tanks	en
dc.subject.other	Total coliforms (TC)	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater reuse	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater treatment	en
dc.subject.other	chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	bacterial count	en
dc.subject.other	chlorination	en
dc.subject.other	coliform bacterium	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (parameters)	en
dc.subject.other	environmental monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	fecal coliform	en
dc.subject.other	plant	en
dc.subject.other	qualitative analysis	en
dc.subject.other	summer	en
dc.subject.other	waste water management	en
dc.subject.other	water flow	en
dc.subject.other	water quality	en
dc.subject.other	water supply	en
dc.subject.other	winter	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	Conservation of Natural Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Enterobacteriaceae	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Waste Disposal, Fluid	en
dc.subject.other	Water Microbiology	en
dc.title	Qualitative monitoring of tertiary treated wastewater reuse extensive distribution system: Total coliforms number and residual chlorine concentration	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1080/10934520701244367	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934520701244367	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	During a 5-month summer period, samples of tertiary treated wastewater flowing in an extensive distribution system composed of storage tanks and pipes were collected at 2-week intervals, from 21 different sampling points, including the exit from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The WWTP producing this effluent treated one of the most popular European tourist resorts on the north coast of the island of Crete, at the southernmost point of Greece. The average summer equivalent population treated by the plant exceeded 50,000, falling to under 5,000 in the winter. The samples were analyzed for total coliforms number (TC in cfu / 100 mL) and residual chlorine concentration (RCHL in mg/L). In almost 60% of the samples the TC number was so large that it could be safe to suggest that the WWTP and distribution system failed to reach the EPA standards for wastewater reuse for tree irrigation (faecal coliforms ≤ 200 cfu/100 mL and RCHL < 1 mg/L) due mainly to inflow and septage handling, above designed limits. The licensing operational and reuse standards were set in TC ≤ 500 cfu/100 mL, where 76% of the analyzed samples recorded larger values. It was also estimated that in 14% of the samples the wastewater quality failed to reach even the less strict WHO standards of FC ≤ 1.000 cfu/100 mL. When chlorination was properly adjusted the effluent quality was improved (last three sets of samplings for each collection point), helped by the WWTP inflow decrease. As a result the values recorded in all tanks and collectors were also improved. However, even then, the required licensing standards were randomly and barely achieved. This suggests that specific wastewater quality standard at the exit of a WWTP do not guarantee that the wastewater will still retain these characteristics at its final application point. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	en
heal.publisher	TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1080/10934520701244367	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000245715200006	en
dc.identifier.volume	42	en
dc.identifier.issue	5	en
dc.identifier.spage	601	en
dc.identifier.epage	611	en