The transition from CRT to LCD monitors: Effects on monitor placement and possible consequences in viewing distance and body postures

Marmaras, N; Nathanael, D; Zarboutis, N

dc.contributor.author	Marmaras, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Nathanael, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Zarboutis, N	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:29:20Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:29:20Z
dc.date.issued	2008	en
dc.identifier.issn	0169-8141	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/19234
dc.subject	LCD monitors	en
dc.subject	Monitor placement	en
dc.subject	Office workplace	en
dc.subject	Sitting postures	en
dc.subject	Viewing distance	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Industrial	en
dc.subject.classification	Ergonomics	en
dc.subject.other	Cathode ray tubes	en
dc.subject.other	Display devices	en
dc.subject.other	Emergency vehicles	en
dc.subject.other	Fluorescent screens	en
dc.subject.other	Light sources	en
dc.subject.other	Liquid crystals	en
dc.subject.other	Mathematical models	en
dc.subject.other	Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Photoacoustic effect	en
dc.subject.other	Specifications	en
dc.subject.other	Television picture tubes	en
dc.subject.other	body postures	en
dc.subject.other	CRT monitors	en
dc.subject.other	Crystal displays	en
dc.subject.other	effective space	en
dc.subject.other	Elsevier (CO)	en
dc.subject.other	Empirical findings	en
dc.subject.other	LCD monitors	en
dc.subject.other	Monitor (CO)	en
dc.subject.other	Operating systems (OS)	en
dc.subject.other	Rear side	en
dc.subject.other	Side effects	en
dc.subject.other	Sitting posture	en
dc.subject.other	Transition (Jel Classifications:E52 ,E41 ,E31)	en
dc.subject.other	Viewing distance	en
dc.subject.other	Liquid crystal displays	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	body posture	en
dc.subject.other	cathode ray oscilloscope	en
dc.subject.other	computer	en
dc.subject.other	computer terminal	en
dc.subject.other	cybernetics	en
dc.subject.other	ergonomics	en
dc.subject.other	extraocular muscle	en
dc.subject.other	eye position	en
dc.subject.other	fatigue	en
dc.subject.other	human	en
dc.subject.other	industrial worker	en
dc.subject.other	job performance	en
dc.subject.other	liquid crystal	en
dc.subject.other	liquid crystal display	en
dc.subject.other	model	en
dc.subject.other	monitor	en
dc.subject.other	occupational safety	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	sitting	en
dc.subject.other	vision	en
dc.subject.other	visual display unit	en
dc.subject.other	workplace	en
dc.title	The transition from CRT to LCD monitors: Effects on monitor placement and possible consequences in viewing distance and body postures	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.ergon.2008.01.005	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2008.01.005	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2008	en
heal.abstract	This study investigates the changes in monitor placement, caused by the transition from cathode ray tube (CRT) to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and discusses possible effects on the resulting viewing distance and the compensating workers' postures. The comparison between 148 workplaces equipped with CRT and 115 equipped with LCD monitors, revealed that the LCD monitors are positioned closer to the rear side of desks, augmenting the mean distance of the screen from the front edge of the desk by nearly 10 cm. The above finding suggests that the mean effective viewing distance may have also increased by the same amount. Considering data on monitors' types, specifications and operating systems' default character size, the study also suggests that in LCD monitors, the augmented viewing distance often exceeds the recommended angular height for comfortable reading while in a comfortable sitting posture. With the aid of a cybernetic model and the above empirical findings, we attempt to explain how the increase of the available effective space in front of the worker offered by LCD monitors may result in the adoption of adverse postures to improve the screen's legibility. Relevance to industry LCD monitors are relatively new, but rapidly spreading in the computerized offices, due to their advantages compared to the CRT monitors. Studying the possible side effects of this transition in a pragmatic manner based on data from actual work settings, may not only help to better understand the persisting adverse postures in modern LCD workplaces, but may also direct the way for practical improvements. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.ergon.2008.01.005	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000258052200003	en
dc.identifier.volume	38	en
dc.identifier.issue	7-8	en
dc.identifier.spage	584	en
dc.identifier.epage	592	en