Ash leaching of forest species treated with phosphate fire retardants

Liodakis, S; Tsoukala, M

dc.contributor.author	Liodakis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsoukala, M	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:29:53Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:29:53Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	0049-6979	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/19391
dc.subject	Ash leaching	en
dc.subject	DAP	en
dc.subject	Forest fires	en
dc.subject	O. europea	en
dc.subject	P. halepensis	en
dc.subject	P. lentiscus	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.classification	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences	en
dc.subject.classification	Water Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Ash leaching	en
dc.subject.other	DAP	en
dc.subject.other	Forest fires	en
dc.subject.other	O. europea	en
dc.subject.other	P. halepensis	en
dc.subject.other	P. lentiscus	en
dc.subject.other	Absorption spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Atomic spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Calcium	en
dc.subject.other	Chromium	en
dc.subject.other	Deforestation	en
dc.subject.other	Disasters	en
dc.subject.other	Dissolution	en
dc.subject.other	Extraction	en
dc.subject.other	Fluorescence	en
dc.subject.other	Groundwater	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching	en
dc.subject.other	Lead	en
dc.subject.other	Manganese	en
dc.subject.other	Manganese compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Metal ions	en
dc.subject.other	Metal recovery	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Zinc	en
dc.subject.other	Fires	en
dc.subject.other	calcium	en
dc.subject.other	calcium carbonate	en
dc.subject.other	calcium phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	chromium	en
dc.subject.other	diammonium phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	flame retardant	en
dc.subject.other	ground water	en
dc.subject.other	lead	en
dc.subject.other	manganese	en
dc.subject.other	metal ion	en
dc.subject.other	phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	potassium ion	en
dc.subject.other	sodium carbonate	en
dc.subject.other	sodium dihydrogen phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	sodium ion	en
dc.subject.other	unclassified drug	en
dc.subject.other	zinc	en
dc.subject.other	ash	en
dc.subject.other	atomic absorption spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	carbonate	en
dc.subject.other	coniferous tree	en
dc.subject.other	element mobility	en
dc.subject.other	environmental effect	en
dc.subject.other	forest fire	en
dc.subject.other	leaching	en
dc.subject.other	scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	solubility	en
dc.subject.other	X-ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	ash	en
dc.subject.other	atomic absorption spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	dissolution	en
dc.subject.other	fire ecology	en
dc.subject.other	leaching	en
dc.subject.other	nonhuman	en
dc.subject.other	olive tree	en
dc.subject.other	pH	en
dc.subject.other	pine	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus halepensis	en
dc.subject.other	Pistacia lentiscus	en
dc.subject.other	scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	soil	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	X ray fluorescence	en
dc.subject.other	Absorption	en
dc.subject.other	Ash	en
dc.subject.other	Calcium	en
dc.subject.other	Chromium	en
dc.subject.other	Deforestation	en
dc.subject.other	Disasters	en
dc.subject.other	Dissolving	en
dc.subject.other	Extraction	en
dc.subject.other	Fires	en
dc.subject.other	Fluorescence	en
dc.subject.other	Forest Fires	en
dc.subject.other	Ground Water	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching	en
dc.subject.other	Lead	en
dc.subject.other	Manganese Compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Eurasia	en
dc.subject.other	Europe	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Southern Europe	en
dc.subject.other	Olea europaea	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus halepensis	en
dc.subject.other	Pistacia lentiscus	en
dc.title	Ash leaching of forest species treated with phosphate fire retardants	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1007/s11270-008-9869-7	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9869-7	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	The chemical, mineralogical, and leaching behavior of three dominant Greek forest species ashes (Pinus halepensis, Pistacia lentiscus, and Olea europaea), before and after treating forest species with diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5% and 10% weight to weight, have been studied using a new five-step shake leaching method at pH∈=∈6. For the analysis of ashes (prior and after leaching) and leachants, the following analytical techniques were used: atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. The presence of DAP obstructs the extraction process of some metal ions (i.e., Na, K) contained in ashes by converting the soluble carbonate salts to the less soluble phosphates (i.e., Na2CO3 → Na3PO4). On the contrary, DAP enhances the mobility of some other metals (i.e., Ca) by forming more soluble compounds [i.e., CaCO3 → Ca3(PO 4)2]. In addition, the presence of DAP lowers the pH of leachates, causing dissolution of some toxic elements (i.e., Mn, Pb, Zn). Unexpectedly, DAP prevents the leachability of Cr from ash. The above study concerns the environmental effects (soil and ground and underground water streams) caused by the use of chemical retardants on forest fires. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	en
heal.publisher	SPRINGER	en
heal.journalName	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s11270-008-9869-7	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000266093600017	en
dc.identifier.volume	199	en
dc.identifier.issue	1-4	en
dc.identifier.spage	171	en
dc.identifier.epage	182	en