Principal Component Analysis in monument conservation: Three application examples

Moropoulou, A; Polikreti, K

dc.contributor.author	Moropoulou, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Polikreti, K	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:31:42Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:31:42Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	1296-2074	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/19894
dc.subject	Brick	en
dc.subject	Historical mortar	en
dc.subject	Marble patina	en
dc.subject	Monument restoration	en
dc.subject	Multivariate statistics	en
dc.subject	Principal Component Analysis	en
dc.subject.classification	Archaeology	en
dc.subject.classification	Art	en
dc.subject.classification	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	en
dc.subject.classification	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	ATMOSPHERE	en
dc.subject.other	INDUSTRIAL	en
dc.title	Principal Component Analysis in monument conservation: Three application examples	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.culher.2008.03.007	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.03.007	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	Multivariate statistics is a well-known and invaluable tool in archaeological science but its use is limited in monument restoration. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the characterization, technology and weathering condition investigation of building materials from historical monuments. Towards this aim, three examples are given: The first one is a provenance and technology investigation of the Aghia Sophia (Istanbul, Turkey) bricks, some of which had to be replaced due to weathering, during recent restoration works. It was proved by PCA that the original clay, used for the construction of the bricks, is not similar to the clay of other contemporary constructions in Istanbul but presents high similarity to the raw material of the bricks from a contemporary church in the island of Rhodes (Dodecanese, Greece). Additionally, the technology of the bricks was studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry, strength tests and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The use of PCA gives a very comprehensive way to present the difference in the technology of the dome bricks. The second presents a classification of mortars from medieval (Byzantine) monasteries, based on their microstructural characteristics (porosity, reverse hydraulicity ratio) and strength measurements. The PCA grouping gives an illustrative diagram depicting the correlation between mortar syntheses and resulting characteristics. The third case shows an example of the correlation between environmental pollution data and data from the weathering layers of marble surfaces (patina composition, orientation of the monument surface, etc.). (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Cultural Heritage	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.culher.2008.03.007	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000264831900009	en
dc.identifier.volume	10	en
dc.identifier.issue	1	en
dc.identifier.spage	73	en
dc.identifier.epage	81	en