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Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters

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dc.contributor.author Anastopoulos, G en
dc.contributor.author Zannikou, Y en
dc.contributor.author Stournas, S en
dc.contributor.author Kalligeros, S en
dc.date.accessioned 2014-03-01T01:32:13Z
dc.date.available 2014-03-01T01:32:13Z
dc.date.issued 2009 en
dc.identifier.issn 1996-1073 en
dc.identifier.uri https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20085
dc.subject Biodiesel en
dc.subject Ethanol en
dc.subject Sodium hydroxide en
dc.subject Transesterification en
dc.subject.other Catalyst concentration en
dc.subject.other Cold start en
dc.subject.other Ethyl esters en
dc.subject.other Flash points en
dc.subject.other Frying oil en
dc.subject.other Fuel properties en
dc.subject.other Heavy duty engines en
dc.subject.other Higher heating value en
dc.subject.other Mass ratio en
dc.subject.other Methyl esters en
dc.subject.other Molar ratio en
dc.subject.other Olive oil en
dc.subject.other Optimal conditions en
dc.subject.other Optimum reaction en
dc.subject.other Reaction conditions en
dc.subject.other Reaction temperature en
dc.subject.other Safety guarantees en
dc.subject.other Sodium hydroxide en
dc.subject.other Sodium hydroxides en
dc.subject.other Sunflower oil en
dc.subject.other Test method en
dc.subject.other Transesterification reaction en
dc.subject.other Biodiesel en
dc.subject.other Catalysis en
dc.subject.other Catalysts en
dc.subject.other Diesel fuels en
dc.subject.other Esterification en
dc.subject.other Ethanol en
dc.subject.other Fuel oils en
dc.subject.other Fuel storage en
dc.subject.other Lubricating oils en
dc.subject.other Optimization en
dc.subject.other Sodium en
dc.subject.other Transesterification en
dc.subject.other Vegetable oils en
dc.subject.other Esters en
dc.title Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters en
heal.type journalArticle en
heal.identifier.primary 10.3390/en20200362 en
heal.identifier.secondary http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en20200362 en
heal.language English en
heal.publicationDate 2009 en
heal.abstract The transesterification reactions of four different vegetable oils (sunflower, rapeseed, olive oil and used frying oil) with ethanol, using sodium hydroxide as catalyst, were studied. The ester preparation involved a two-step transesterification reaction, followed by purification. The effects of the mass ratio of catalyst to oil (0.25 - 1.5%), the molar ratio of ethanol to oil (6:1 - 12:1), and the reaction temperature (35 - 90 °o°C) were studied for the conversion of sunflower oil to optimize the reaction conditions in both stages. The rest of the vegetable oils were converted to ethyl esters under optimum reaction parameters. The optimal conditions for first stage transesterification were an ethanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, NaOH amount (1% wt/wt), and 80 °o°C temperature, whereas the maximum yield of ethyl esters reached 81.4% wt/wt. In the second stage, the yield of ethyl esters was improved by 16% in relation with the one-stage transesterification, which was obtained under the following optimal conditions: catalyst concentration 0.75% and ethanol/oil molar ratio 6:1. The fuel properties of the esters were measured according to EN test methods. Based on the experimental results one can see that the ethyl esters do not differ significantly from methyl esters. Moreover, the results showed that the values of density, viscosity, and higher heating value of ethyl esters were similar to those of automotive and heavy duty engine diesel fuel. However, the CFPP values were higher, which may contribute to potential difficulties in cold starts. On the other hand, the flash points, which were higher than those of diesel fuel constituted a safety guarantee from the point of view of handling and storage. © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. en
heal.publisher MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI en
heal.journalName Energies en
dc.identifier.doi 10.3390/en20200362 en
dc.identifier.isi ISI:000276704500011 en
dc.identifier.volume 2 en
dc.identifier.issue 2 en
dc.identifier.spage 362 en
dc.identifier.epage 376 en


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