A tool for determining urban emission characteristics to be used in exposure assessment

Kassomenos, P; Lykoudis, S; Chaloulakou, A

dc.contributor.author	Kassomenos, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Lykoudis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Chaloulakou, A	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:32:34Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:32:34Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	0160-4120	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20180
dc.subject	Air pollution	en
dc.subject	Emission reduction	en
dc.subject	Exceedances	en
dc.subject	Exposure assessment	en
dc.subject	Probability distribution function	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.other	Air pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Air quality standard	en
dc.subject.other	Athens , Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Black smoke	en
dc.subject.other	Concentration of	en
dc.subject.other	Emission characteristics	en
dc.subject.other	Emission level	en
dc.subject.other	Emission reduction strategy	en
dc.subject.other	Emission strength	en
dc.subject.other	Exceedances	en
dc.subject.other	Exposure assessment	en
dc.subject.other	Extreme value distributions	en
dc.subject.other	Frequency distributions	en
dc.subject.other	Inverse gaussian	en
dc.subject.other	Long term exposure	en
dc.subject.other	Pollutant emission	en
dc.subject.other	Quality of life	en
dc.subject.other	Statistical probability	en
dc.subject.other	Temporal evolution	en
dc.subject.other	Urban areas	en
dc.subject.other	Air quality	en
dc.subject.other	Approximation theory	en
dc.subject.other	Automobiles	en
dc.subject.other	Concentration (process)	en
dc.subject.other	Emission control	en
dc.subject.other	Pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Probability	en
dc.subject.other	Probability density function	en
dc.subject.other	Distribution functions	en
dc.subject.other	carbon monoxide	en
dc.subject.other	nitrogen dioxide	en
dc.subject.other	ozone	en
dc.subject.other	sulfur dioxide	en
dc.subject.other	air quality	en
dc.subject.other	atmospheric pollution	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (composition)	en
dc.subject.other	emission control	en
dc.subject.other	inverse analysis	en
dc.subject.other	pollution exposure	en
dc.subject.other	probability	en
dc.subject.other	air pollutant	en
dc.subject.other	air quality control	en
dc.subject.other	air quality standard	en
dc.subject.other	analytical parameters	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	concentration (parameters)	en
dc.subject.other	environmental exposure	en
dc.subject.other	environmental monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	exhaust gas	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	priority journal	en
dc.subject.other	probability	en
dc.subject.other	quality of life	en
dc.subject.other	urban area	en
dc.subject.other	Air Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Air Pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Exposure	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Health	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	Humans	en
dc.subject.other	Models, Statistical	en
dc.subject.other	Urban Health	en
dc.subject.other	Athens [Attica]	en
dc.subject.other	Attica	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.title	A tool for determining urban emission characteristics to be used in exposure assessment	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.envint.2009.12.009	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2009.12.009	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	The exposure of citizens to elevated air pollution concentrations is one of the major factors leading to the deterioration of the quality of life and possibly to health problems in urban areas. The concentration of air pollutants depends largely on pollutant emission levels. If the statistical probability distribution function of the concentration of an air pollutant is known, it is possible to estimate how many times this concentration exceeds the air quality standards, or estimate changes in the emission levels in an area. It can be also used to estimate the long term exposure of population to certain pollutants. In this paper fifteen theoretical probability distribution functions, were used to fit the actual concentration frequency distributions of CO, NO2, O-3. SO2, and Black Smoke (BS) in Athens, Greece for a 23-year period. The results showed that the theoretical distribution type best describing the distribution of the pollutants is Inverse Gaussian followed by the Extreme value distribution. The number of exceedances of air quality limits was used to validate the performance of the theoretical distributions that were best fitted to the observed ones. The temporal evolution of emission strength was estimated through the temporal evolution of the parameters of the probability distribution functions. Missing periods were accounted for by estimating the respective distribution functions through interpolation or extrapolation from the existing ones. The derived variation of emission levels consistently represents the emission reduction strategies enforced over the years, as well as the escalating growth of the passenger car fleet volume, and could be a useful tool for the design and assessment of emission control strategies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	en
heal.journalName	Environment International	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.envint.2009.12.009	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000275539700007	en
dc.identifier.volume	36	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	281	en
dc.identifier.epage	289	en