Biodiesel production using tetramethyl- and benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxides as strong base catalysts

Karavalakis, G; Anastopoulos, G; Karonis, D; Stournas, S

dc.contributor.author	Karavalakis, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Anastopoulos, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Karonis, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Stournas, S	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:32:57Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:32:57Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	0378-3820	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20243
dc.subject	Benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide	en
dc.subject	Biodiesel	en
dc.subject	Organic amines	en
dc.subject	Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide	en
dc.subject	Transesterification	en
dc.subject.classification	Chemistry, Applied	en
dc.subject.classification	Energy & Fuels	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Chemical	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonium hydroxide	en
dc.subject.other	Base catalyst	en
dc.subject.other	Biodiesel production	en
dc.subject.other	Catalyst concentration	en
dc.subject.other	Conversion rates	en
dc.subject.other	Fatty acid methyl ester	en
dc.subject.other	Frying oil	en
dc.subject.other	Liquid catalyst	en
dc.subject.other	Methyl esters	en
dc.subject.other	Molar ratio	en
dc.subject.other	Optimum conditions	en
dc.subject.other	Organic amine	en
dc.subject.other	Reaction time	en
dc.subject.other	Reaction variables	en
dc.subject.other	Sodium hydroxides	en
dc.subject.other	Tetramethyl	en
dc.subject.other	Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide	en
dc.subject.other	Transesterification reaction	en
dc.subject.other	Waste oil	en
dc.subject.other	Alternative fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Amides	en
dc.subject.other	Amines	en
dc.subject.other	Biodiesel	en
dc.subject.other	Catalysts	en
dc.subject.other	Cottonseed oil	en
dc.subject.other	Esterification	en
dc.subject.other	Esters	en
dc.subject.other	Fatty acids	en
dc.subject.other	Methanol	en
dc.subject.other	Sodium	en
dc.subject.other	Transesterification	en
dc.subject.other	Ammonium compounds	en
dc.title	Biodiesel production using tetramethyl- and benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxides as strong base catalysts	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.06.006	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.06.006	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	In recent years, the acceptance of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) as an alternative fuel has rapidly grown in EU. The most common method for biodiesel production is based on triglyceride transesterification to methyl esters with dissolved sodium hydroxide in methanol as catalyst. In this study, cottonseed oil and used frying oil were subjected to the transesterification reaction with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide as strong base catalysts. This work investigates the optimum conditions for biodiesel production using amine-based liquid catalysts. Biodiesel ester content was strongly related with the type of feedstock and the reaction variables, such as those of the catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, and reaction time. The overall results suggested that the transesterification of cottonseed oil achieved high conversion rates with both catalysts, while the use of waste oil resulted in lower yields of methyl esters due to the possible formation of amides. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	Fuel Processing Technology	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.06.006	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000282550900030	en
dc.identifier.volume	91	en
dc.identifier.issue	11	en
dc.identifier.spage	1585	en
dc.identifier.epage	1590	en