Distributed water infrastructure for sustainable communities

Makropoulos, CK; Butler, D

dc.contributor.author	Makropoulos, CK	en
dc.contributor.author	Butler, D	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:33:10Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:33:10Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	0920-4741	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20355
dc.subject	Decentralised	en
dc.subject	Distributed water infrastructure	en
dc.subject	Micro-generation	en
dc.subject	Strategies	en
dc.subject	Urban water	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Civil	en
dc.subject.classification	Water Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Decentralised	en
dc.subject.other	Distributed water	en
dc.subject.other	Microgeneration	en
dc.subject.other	Strategies	en
dc.subject.other	Urban waters	en
dc.subject.other	Energy utilization	en
dc.subject.other	Land use	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater	en
dc.subject.other	Water conservation	en
dc.subject.other	Water management	en
dc.subject.other	Water recycling	en
dc.subject.other	Water supply	en
dc.subject.other	Water treatment	en
dc.subject.other	Wastewater reclamation	en
dc.subject.other	decentralization	en
dc.subject.other	distribution system	en
dc.subject.other	infrastructure planning	en
dc.subject.other	strategic approach	en
dc.subject.other	sustainability	en
dc.subject.other	trade-off	en
dc.subject.other	urban development	en
dc.subject.other	water management	en
dc.subject.other	water planning	en
dc.subject.other	water supply	en
dc.subject.other	water technology	en
dc.title	Distributed water infrastructure for sustainable communities	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1007/s11269-010-9580-5	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9580-5	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	Distributed water infrastructure (located at the community or the household level) is relatively untried and unproven, compared with technologies for managing urban water at higher (e.g. regional) levels. This work presents a review of currently available options for distributed water infrastructure and illustrates the potential impact of their deployment through a number of indicative infrastructure strategies. The paper summarises the main categories of both centralised and decentralised water infrastructure, covering all three flows (water supply, wastewater and drainage) and their integration through recycling and reuse. The potential impact of the identified infrastructure options for urban water management is examined. The desirability of the strategies examined, is dependent on (case specific) constraints to urban development, including for example regional or local water resource availability, treatment plant capacity, cost of upgrading infrastructure, potential for (distributed) energy (micro) generation and climatic changes (and other non-stationary processes). The results are presented and discussed. It is concluded that there is currently a significant potential for a range of improvements in urban water management which could result from the context-aware deployment of a portfolio of technological infrastructure options. It is also suggested that there are trade-offs between water use, energy use and land use, and these have an equilibrium point that is associated with the technological state-of-art. At a given technological state-of-art, further reductions in water savings signify increase either energy consumption (for high-tech solutions) or land use (for low-tech solutions). The strategies' evaluation indicates however, that until this equilibrium point is reached there can be significant gains in all three aspects. After this equilibrium, improvements in one aspect inevitably signify costs in others. The choice of desired trade-off then depends on the specific constraints of the problem at hand. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	en
heal.publisher	SPRINGER	en
heal.journalName	Water Resources Management	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s11269-010-9580-5	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000280948700022	en
dc.identifier.volume	24	en
dc.identifier.issue	11	en
dc.identifier.spage	2795	en
dc.identifier.epage	2816	en