Environmental benefits of using magnesium carbonate minerals as new wildfire retardants instead of commercially available, phosphate-based compounds

Liodakis, S; Tsoukala, M

dc.contributor.author	Liodakis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsoukala, M	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:33:22Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:33:22Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	0269-4042	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20399
dc.subject	Analytical techniques	en
dc.subject	Diammonium phosphate	en
dc.subject	Huntite	en
dc.subject	Hydromagnesite	en
dc.subject	Mineralogy and leaching of ash	en
dc.subject	Pinus halepensis ash	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Environmental	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.classification	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health	en
dc.subject.classification	Water Resources	en
dc.subject.other	carbon	en
dc.subject.other	flame retardant	en
dc.subject.other	magnesium	en
dc.subject.other	magnesium carbonate	en
dc.subject.other	metal	en
dc.subject.other	mineral	en
dc.subject.other	phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	phosphoric acid	en
dc.subject.other	ammonium compound	en
dc.subject.other	analytical method	en
dc.subject.other	ash	en
dc.subject.other	carbonate group	en
dc.subject.other	leaching	en
dc.subject.other	magnesium	en
dc.subject.other	mineralogy	en
dc.subject.other	phosphate	en
dc.subject.other	wildfire	en
dc.subject.other	article	en
dc.subject.other	atomic absorption spectrometry	en
dc.subject.other	chemistry	en
dc.subject.other	comparative study	en
dc.subject.other	environmental monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	fire	en
dc.subject.other	fly ash	en
dc.subject.other	isolation and purification	en
dc.subject.other	particulate matter	en
dc.subject.other	pH	en
dc.subject.other	pine	en
dc.subject.other	soil pollutant	en
dc.subject.other	solubility	en
dc.subject.other	water pollutant	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	Carbon	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental Monitoring	en
dc.subject.other	Fires	en
dc.subject.other	Flame Retardants	en
dc.subject.other	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	en
dc.subject.other	Magnesium	en
dc.subject.other	Metals	en
dc.subject.other	Minerals	en
dc.subject.other	Particulate Matter	en
dc.subject.other	Phosphates	en
dc.subject.other	Phosphoric Acids	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus	en
dc.subject.other	Soil Pollutants	en
dc.subject.other	Solubility	en
dc.subject.other	Spectrophotometry, Atomic	en
dc.subject.other	Water Pollutants, Chemical	en
dc.subject.other	X-Ray Diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	Pinus halepensis	en
dc.title	Environmental benefits of using magnesium carbonate minerals as new wildfire retardants instead of commercially available, phosphate-based compounds	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1007/s10653-009-9283-0	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-009-9283-0	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	A serial batch leaching experiment has been carried out to evaluate the release of elements from the ash of Pinus halepensis needles burned under two test conditions-with and without treatment of the forest species with the carbonate minerals (huntite and hydromagnesite) in aqueous solution (pH 6). The ash (before and after leaching) and leachates were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Compared with data from samples treated with the commercially available, phosphate-based fire retardant diammonium phosphate (DAP), we found that use of huntite or hydromagnesite was much more successful in obstructing the release of the toxic elements present in the ash, probably because of the alkaline conditions resulting from decomposition of the minerals during burning. In contrast, DAP tended to be more able to facilitate the extraction of some toxic metals (e. g., Zn, Cu, Mn), probably because of the acidic conditions resulting from its decomposition to phosphoric acid. Data from this study thus lend strong support to the use of magnesium carbonate minerals as new wildfire retardants, because they were shown to be more friendly to the environment (e. g., soil, ground, and underground water streams) than those currently in use (e. g., phosphate or sulfate salt type). © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	en
heal.publisher	SPRINGER	en
heal.journalName	Environmental Geochemistry and Health	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s10653-009-9283-0	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000281936400002	en
dc.identifier.volume	32	en
dc.identifier.issue	5	en
dc.identifier.spage	391	en
dc.identifier.epage	399	en