Life-cycle co2 emissions of bulk carriers: A comparative study

Gratsos, GA; Psaraftis, HN; Zachariadis, P

dc.contributor.author	Gratsos, GA	en
dc.contributor.author	Psaraftis, HN	en
dc.contributor.author	Zachariadis, P	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:33:42Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:33:42Z
dc.date.issued	2010	en
dc.identifier.issn	14798751	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20542
dc.subject.other	Annual cost	en
dc.subject.other	Bulk carrier	en
dc.subject.other	Carrying capacity	en
dc.subject.other	Common structural rules	en
dc.subject.other	Comparative studies	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosion margins	en
dc.subject.other	Design life	en
dc.subject.other	Design stage	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental benefits	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental implications	en
dc.subject.other	Extended lifetime	en
dc.subject.other	Goal-based standards	en
dc.subject.other	International association of classification societies	en
dc.subject.other	Lifecycle costs	en
dc.subject.other	Market mechanisms	en
dc.subject.other	New ships	en
dc.subject.other	Seaborne trade	en
dc.subject.other	Shipping capacity	en
dc.subject.other	Steel weight	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosion	en
dc.subject.other	Cost benefit analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Life cycle	en
dc.subject.other	Repair	en
dc.subject.other	Ships	en
dc.title	Life-cycle co2 emissions of bulk carriers: A comparative study	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.3940/rins.ijme.2010.a3.176	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rins.ijme.2010.a3.176	en
heal.publicationDate	2010	en
heal.abstract	In order to maintain shipping capacity to serve seaborne trade, new ships have to be built to replace those scrapped. The cost of building, manning, operating, maintaining and repairing a ship throughout its life is borne by society at large through market mechanisms. Gratsos and Zachariadis (2005) had investigated through a cost/benefit analysis how the average annual cost of ship transport varies with the corrosion additions elected at the design stage. The results of that paper clearly indicated that ships built with sufficient corrosion allowances, truly adequate for the ship's design life, have a lower life cycle cost per annum despite the fact that such ships would carry a slightly smaller quantity of cargo. Furthermore the safety and environmental benefits due to the reduced repairs and extended lifetime of such ships were briefly discussed. The debate of how ""robust"" a ship should be was also transferred to IMO in the context of Goal Based Standards following a submission by Japan which stated that the increased steel weight of a more robust ship will result in increased CO2 emissions due to a reduced cargo carrying capacity. Greece replied by submitting a summary of the aforementioned paper and preliminary estimations on Life cycle CO2 emissions disputing the Japanese contentions. However, taking onboard the challenge, an update is provided in the present paper, using the final Common Structural Rules (CSR) of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) bulk carrier corrosion margins and taking into account the major environmental implications of the heavier ship scantlings for two bulk carrier size brackets, Panamax and Handymax. The results show that the more robust ships would produce less CO2 emissions over their lifetime. © 2010: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.	en
heal.journalName	Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects Part A: International Journal of Maritime Engineering	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.3940/rins.ijme.2010.a3.176	en
dc.identifier.volume	152	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	A119	en
dc.identifier.epage	A134	en