A Spartan3E-based low-cost system for gamma-ray detection in small single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography systems

Fysikopoulos, E; Georgiou, M; Efthimiou, N; David, S; Loudos, G; Matsopoulos, G

dc.contributor.author	Fysikopoulos, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Georgiou, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Efthimiou, N	en
dc.contributor.author	David, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Loudos, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Matsopoulos, G	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:35:02Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:35:02Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	0957-0233	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/20946
dc.subject	data acquisition (DAQ)	en
dc.subject	embedded development kit (EDK)	en
dc.subject	field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)	en
dc.subject	position-sensitive photomultipliers (PSPMT)	en
dc.subject	silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Multidisciplinary	en
dc.subject.classification	Instruments & Instrumentation	en
dc.subject.other	Analog to digital converters	en
dc.subject.other	Anode signals	en
dc.subject.other	Data acquisition system	en
dc.subject.other	Dual channel	en
dc.subject.other	Embedded development	en
dc.subject.other	Energy spectra	en
dc.subject.other	Evaluation board	en
dc.subject.other	Experimental setup	en
dc.subject.other	Gamma-ray detection	en
dc.subject.other	Gaussian fitting	en
dc.subject.other	Low-cost systems	en
dc.subject.other	Nuclear imaging	en
dc.subject.other	Open sources	en
dc.subject.other	Optimal results	en
dc.subject.other	Position sensitive	en
dc.subject.other	Positron emission	en
dc.subject.other	Sampling rates	en
dc.subject.other	silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)	en
dc.subject.other	Soft-core processors	en
dc.subject.other	Analog to digital conversion	en
dc.subject.other	Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)	en
dc.subject.other	Gamma rays	en
dc.subject.other	Logic gates	en
dc.subject.other	Nuclear medicine	en
dc.subject.other	Photomultipliers	en
dc.subject.other	Rating	en
dc.subject.other	Single photon emission computed tomography	en
dc.subject.other	Spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Positron emission tomography	en
dc.title	A Spartan3E-based low-cost system for gamma-ray detection in small single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography systems	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1088/0957-0233/22/11/114002	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/11/114002	en
heal.identifier.secondary	114002	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	The development and assessment of a readout system based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) for dedicated nuclear medicine cameras is presented. We have used Xilinx Spartan3E starter kit, which is one of the simplest FPGA evaluation boards. The aim of this work is to offer a simple, open source, data acquisition tool, which provides accurate results for nuclear imaging applications. The system has been evaluated using three different experimental setups: pulses from two position-sensitive photo-multipliers (PSPMTs) and a silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) were recorded, using99mTc sources. Two dual channel, external, 12 bit analog to digital converters with a sampling rate of 1 Msps per channel were used. The tool was designed using Xilinx's embedded development kit and was based in Xilinx's Microblaze soft-core processor. A reference multiparameter-based data acquisition system using nuclear instrumentation modules was used for the evaluation of the proposed system. A number of tests were carried out to assess different algorithms for pulse maximum estimation and Gaussian fitting provided optimal results. The results have shown that the FPGA data acquisition system (i) provides accurate digitization of the PSPMT anode signals under various conditions and (ii) gives similar energy spectra when SiPMs are used. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.	en
heal.publisher	IOP PUBLISHING LTD	en
heal.journalName	Measurement Science and Technology	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1088/0957-0233/22/11/114002	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000296563500003	en
dc.identifier.volume	22	en
dc.identifier.issue	11	en