Ash properties and environmental impact of various biomass and coal fuels and their blends

Vamvuka, D; Kakaras, E

dc.contributor.author	Vamvuka, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Kakaras, E	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:35:20Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:35:20Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	0378-3820	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/21000
dc.subject	Ash	en
dc.subject	Biomass	en
dc.subject	Co-firing	en
dc.subject	Environment	en
dc.subject.classification	Chemistry, Applied	en
dc.subject.classification	Energy & Fuels	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Chemical	en
dc.subject.other	Ash	en
dc.subject.other	Ash properties	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass ashes	en
dc.subject.other	Co-firing	en
dc.subject.other	Coal fuel	en
dc.subject.other	Environment	en
dc.subject.other	Individual components	en
dc.subject.other	Inductive coupled plasma	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching test	en
dc.subject.other	Management strategies	en
dc.subject.other	Pre-Treatment	en
dc.subject.other	Slagging and fouling	en
dc.subject.other	Soil amendment	en
dc.subject.other	System operation	en
dc.subject.other	Visible spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffractometry	en
dc.subject.other	X ray fluorescence spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Alternative fuels	en
dc.subject.other	Biomass	en
dc.subject.other	Bituminous coal	en
dc.subject.other	Boiler firing	en
dc.subject.other	Cement industry	en
dc.subject.other	Coal ash	en
dc.subject.other	Coal industry	en
dc.subject.other	Differential thermal analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Fluorescence spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Leaching	en
dc.subject.other	Manganese	en
dc.subject.other	Soil cement	en
dc.subject.other	Soil testing	en
dc.subject.other	Soils	en
dc.subject.other	Spectrum analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Trace elements	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental impact	en
dc.title	Ash properties and environmental impact of various biomass and coal fuels and their blends	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.013	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.013	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	Aiming at investigating the influence of minerals in co-firing applications in existing and developing systems, as well as their environmental impact upon recycling to soils, we used a combination of techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis and fusibility analysis to characterize various biomass and coal ashes and their blends, with biomass proportions up to 20%. Slagging and fouling propensities were predicted. The results showed that biomass ashes were richer in calcium, silicon and alkali minerals and micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Mn, in comparison to coal ashes. Some could be useful for soil amendment or the cement industry. Slagging/fouling problems should be expected in boilers operating above 1000 degrees C, especially those firing cotton residue, vine shoots and bituminous coal without pre-treatment. However, the environmental impact of either biomass or coal ashes upon their disposal is expected to be very low, as leaching tests have shown. For coal/biomass blends, the composition and the fusibility of the ashes varied between those of the individual components. Thus co-firing processes using the alternative fuels studied up to 20% would not entail significant limitations in the system operation or the management strategies of ashes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	en
heal.journalName	Fuel Processing Technology	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.013	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000287428900041	en
dc.identifier.volume	92	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	570	en
dc.identifier.epage	581	en