Diffuse Surface Water Pollution: Driving Factors for Different Geoclimatic Regions

Panagopoulos, Y; Makropoulos, C; Mimikou, M

dc.contributor.author	Panagopoulos, Y	en
dc.contributor.author	Makropoulos, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Mimikou, M	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:35:31Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:35:31Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	0920-4741	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/21091
dc.subject	BMPs	en
dc.subject	Diffuse pollution	en
dc.subject	Geoclimatic conditions	en
dc.subject	Nitrogen	en
dc.subject	Phosphorus	en
dc.subject	Sediments	en
dc.subject	SWAT	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Civil	en
dc.subject.classification	Water Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Agricultural management practice	en
dc.subject.other	Agricultural sources	en
dc.subject.other	Best management practices	en
dc.subject.other	BMPs	en
dc.subject.other	Cold climate	en
dc.subject.other	Diffuse pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Driving factors	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental directives	en
dc.subject.other	Erosion process	en
dc.subject.other	Geoclimatic conditions	en
dc.subject.other	Hydroclimatic	en
dc.subject.other	Mediterranean climates	en
dc.subject.other	Meteorological condition	en
dc.subject.other	Natural driving forces	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrient loads	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrient loss	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrient pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrient transport	en
dc.subject.other	Point sources	en
dc.subject.other	Precipitation events	en
dc.subject.other	River basins	en
dc.subject.other	River flow	en
dc.subject.other	Scandinavia	en
dc.subject.other	Seasonal variation	en
dc.subject.other	Sediment loss	en
dc.subject.other	Soil management	en
dc.subject.other	SWAT	en
dc.subject.other	Temporal distribution	en
dc.subject.other	Water Framework Directives	en
dc.subject.other	Water recipient	en
dc.subject.other	Agronomy	en
dc.subject.other	Anoxic sediments	en
dc.subject.other	Atmospheric movements	en
dc.subject.other	Climate models	en
dc.subject.other	Climatology	en
dc.subject.other	Geologic models	en
dc.subject.other	Nutrients	en
dc.subject.other	Phosphorus	en
dc.subject.other	Pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Rivers	en
dc.subject.other	Runoff	en
dc.subject.other	Sedimentology	en
dc.subject.other	Water conservation	en
dc.subject.other	Catchments	en
dc.subject.other	best management practice	en
dc.subject.other	catchment	en
dc.subject.other	climate conditions	en
dc.subject.other	diffusion	en
dc.subject.other	fluvial deposit	en
dc.subject.other	hydrological modeling	en
dc.subject.other	nitrogen	en
dc.subject.other	nonpoint source pollution	en
dc.subject.other	phosphorus	en
dc.subject.other	point source	en
dc.subject.other	river basin	en
dc.subject.other	river flow	en
dc.subject.other	seasonal variation	en
dc.subject.other	surface water	en
dc.subject.other	temporal distribution	en
dc.subject.other	water pollution	en
dc.subject.other	Mediterranean Region	en
dc.subject.other	Scandinavia	en
dc.title	Diffuse Surface Water Pollution: Driving Factors for Different Geoclimatic Regions	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1007/s11269-011-9874-2	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9874-2	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	The quantification of point and non-point losses of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) to surface waters is currently a major issue for the implementation of Environmental Directives, such as the Water Framework Directive in Europe. However, the drivers behind nutrient pollution are location specific and are affected by regional hydroclimatic and geomorphological characteristics. In this study the river basin model SWAT was used in order to improve the process-based understanding of mechanisms behind nutrient transport from land to water recipients in two European catchments with significantly different meteorological conditions: the Greek catchment of Ali Efenti, representative of the Mediterranean climate, and the Norwegian catchment of Vansjø-Hobølv, representative of the cold climate typical in Scandinavia. The models were firstly calibrated according to measured river flows and nutrient loads, and then four Best Management Practices (BMPs), related to nutrient application and soil management were applied in order to examine their effectiveness under the different geoclimatic conditions of the two catchments. The results of the baseline indicated that diffuse agricultural sources were the largest contributor of N losses in both catchments and of P losses in the Greek catchment, while point sources were significant contributors to P levels in Norwegian rivers. Nutrient losses to surface waters in Ali Efenti exhibited high seasonal variation, attributed to the extremeness of precipitation events that is typical in the Mediterranean, as well as to the temporal distribution of sediment losses to waters. On the other hand, in Scandinavia, the losses of N and P occurred with less deviation throughout the year and independently of the freezing of soils. The values of the calibrated parameters that mainly governed the hydrological and erosion processes in the catchments demonstrated the natural driving forces of nutrient losses to waters and their temporal distribution indicating that these forces are also crucial in determining the appropriate implementation of agricultural management practices in various geoclimatic regions. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	en
heal.publisher	SPRINGER	en
heal.journalName	Water Resources Management	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s11269-011-9874-2	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000296474900007	en
dc.identifier.volume	25	en
dc.identifier.issue	14	en
dc.identifier.spage	3635	en
dc.identifier.epage	3660	en