Environmental cost of distribution transformer losses

Georgilakis, PS

dc.contributor.author	Georgilakis, PS	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:35:38Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:35:38Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	0306-2619	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/21137
dc.subject	Distribution transformer	en
dc.subject	Electrical power	en
dc.subject	Energy conservation	en
dc.subject	Energy efficiency	en
dc.subject	Environmental impact	en
dc.subject	Greenhouse gas emissions trading	en
dc.subject.classification	Energy & Fuels	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Chemical	en
dc.subject.other	Distribution network	en
dc.subject.other	Distribution transformer	en
dc.subject.other	Economic evaluations	en
dc.subject.other	Electrical equipment	en
dc.subject.other	Electrical power	en
dc.subject.other	Energy cost	en
dc.subject.other	Energy efficient	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental costs	en
dc.subject.other	GHG emission	en
dc.subject.other	Greenhouse gas emissions trading	en
dc.subject.other	Power systems	en
dc.subject.other	Transformer loss	en
dc.subject.other	Costs	en
dc.subject.other	Electric power supplies to apparatus	en
dc.subject.other	Electric utilities	en
dc.subject.other	Energy conservation	en
dc.subject.other	Energy efficiency	en
dc.subject.other	Environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	Gas emissions	en
dc.subject.other	Global warming	en
dc.subject.other	Greenhouse gases	en
dc.subject.other	Investments	en
dc.subject.other	Power transformers	en
dc.subject.other	Transformer protection	en
dc.subject.other	economic analysis	en
dc.subject.other	electrical power	en
dc.subject.other	electronic equipment	en
dc.subject.other	emission control	en
dc.subject.other	emissions trading	en
dc.subject.other	energy conservation	en
dc.subject.other	energy efficiency	en
dc.subject.other	environmental economics	en
dc.subject.other	environmental impact	en
dc.subject.other	environmental protection	en
dc.subject.other	greenhouse gas	en
dc.subject.other	installation	en
dc.subject.other	investment	en
dc.subject.other	power plant	en
dc.title	Environmental cost of distribution transformer losses	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.021	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.021	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	Improvements in energy efficiency of electrical equipment reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contribute to the protection of the environment. Moreover, as system investment and energy costs continue to increase, electric utilities are increasingly interested in installing energy-efficient transformers at their distribution networks. This paper analyzes the impact of the environmental cost of transformer losses on the economic evaluation of distribution transformers. This environmental cost is coming form the cost to buy GHG emission credits because of the GHG emissions associated with supplying transformer losses throughout the transformer lifetime. Application results on the Hellenic power system for 21 transformer offers under 9 different scenarios indicate that the environmental cost of transformer losses can reach on average 34% and 8% of transformer purchasing price for high loss and medium loss transformers, respectively. That is why it is important to incorporate the environmental cost of transformer losses into the economic evaluation of distribution transformers. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	en
heal.publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD	en
heal.journalName	Applied Energy	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.021	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000291232300026	en
dc.identifier.volume	88	en
dc.identifier.issue	9	en
dc.identifier.spage	3146	en
dc.identifier.epage	3155	en