Estimating multimodal transit ridership with a varying fare structure

Gkritza, K; Karlaftis, MG; Mannering, FL

dc.contributor.author	Gkritza, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Karlaftis, MG	en
dc.contributor.author	Mannering, FL	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:35:39Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:35:39Z
dc.date.issued	2011	en
dc.identifier.issn	0965-8564	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/21140
dc.subject	Fare structure	en
dc.subject	Greece	en
dc.subject	High-order serial correlation	en
dc.subject	Multimodal transit systems	en
dc.subject	Time-series	en
dc.subject	Transit demand	en
dc.subject.classification	Transportation	en
dc.subject.classification	Transportation Science & Technology	en
dc.subject.other	Fare structure	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.subject.other	High-order serial correlation	en
dc.subject.other	Multi-modal	en
dc.subject.other	Transit demand	en
dc.subject.other	Estimation	en
dc.subject.other	Mass transportation	en
dc.subject.other	correlation	en
dc.subject.other	public transport	en
dc.subject.other	time series analysis	en
dc.subject.other	transportation system	en
dc.subject.other	travel demand	en
dc.subject.other	Athens [Attica]	en
dc.subject.other	Attica	en
dc.subject.other	Greece	en
dc.title	Estimating multimodal transit ridership with a varying fare structure	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.tra.2010.12.005	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2010.12.005	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2011	en
heal.abstract	This paper studies public transport demand by estimating a system of equations for multimodal transit systems where different modes may act competitively or cooperatively. Using data from Athens, Greece, we explicitly correct for higher-order serial correlation in the error terms and investigate two, largely overlooked, questions in the transit literature: first, whether a varying fare structure in a multimodal transit system affects demand and, second, what the determinants of ticket versus travelcard sales may be. Model estimation results suggest that the effect of fare type on ridership levels in a multimodal system varies by mode and by relative ticket to travelcard prices. Further, regardless of competition or cooperation between modes, fare increases will have limited effects on ridership, but the magnitude of these effects does depend on the relative ticket to travelcard prices. Finally, incorrectly assuming serial independence for the error terms during model estimation could yield upward or downward biased parameters and hence result in incorrect inferences and policy recommendations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.publisher	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	en
heal.journalName	Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.tra.2010.12.005	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000287056400006	en
dc.identifier.volume	45	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	148	en
dc.identifier.epage	160	en