Fault rupture propagation through sand: Finite-element analysis and validation through centrifuge experiments

Anastasopoulos, I; Gazetas, G; Asce, M; Bransby, MF; Davies, MCR; El Nahas, A

dc.contributor.author	Anastasopoulos, I	en
dc.contributor.author	Gazetas, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Asce, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Bransby, MF	en
dc.contributor.author	Davies, MCR	en
dc.contributor.author	El Nahas, A	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:56:18Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:56:18Z
dc.date.issued	2007	en
dc.identifier.issn	10900241	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/28049
dc.subject	Centrifuge model	en
dc.subject	Earthquakes	en
dc.subject	Finite element methodology	en
dc.subject	Predictions	en
dc.subject	Scale effect	en
dc.subject	Shear deformation	en
dc.subject.other	Centrifuge model	en
dc.subject.other	Centrifuge model tests	en
dc.subject.other	Civil engineering	en
dc.subject.other	Ductility	en
dc.subject.other	Earthquakes	en
dc.subject.other	Finite element method	en
dc.subject.other	Mathematical models	en
dc.subject.other	Sand	en
dc.subject.other	Shear deformation	en
dc.subject.other	Tectonics	en
dc.subject.other	Geotechnical engineering	en
dc.subject.other	Chi-Chi earthquake 1999	en
dc.subject.other	dip-slip fault	en
dc.subject.other	finite element method	en
dc.subject.other	Kocaeli earthquake 1999	en
dc.subject.other	normal fault	en
dc.subject.other	reverse fault	en
dc.subject.other	rupture	en
dc.subject.other	sand	en
dc.subject.other	scale effect	en
dc.subject.other	civil engineering	en
dc.subject.other	deformation	en
dc.subject.other	failure analysis	en
dc.subject.other	finite element analysis	en
dc.subject.other	mathematical model	en
dc.subject.other	shear property	en
dc.subject.other	soil burial test	en
dc.subject.other	thickness	en
dc.title	Fault rupture propagation through sand: Finite-element analysis and validation through centrifuge experiments	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
heal.publicationDate	2007	en
heal.abstract	The three notorious earthquakes of 1999 in Turkey (Kocaeli and Düzce) and Taiwan (Chi-Chi), having offered numerous examples of surface fault rupturing underneath civil engineering structures, prompted increased interest in the subject. This paper develops a nonlinear finite-element methodology to study dip-slip (""normal"" and ""reverse"") fault rupture propagation through sand. The procedure is verified through successful Class A predictions of four centrifuge model tests. The validated methodology is then utilized in a parametric study of fault rupture propagation through sand. Emphasis is given to results of engineering significance, such as: (1) the location of fault outcropping; (2) the vertical displacement profile of the ground surface; and (3) the minimum fault offset at bedrock necessary for the rupture to reach the ground surface. The analysis shows that dip-slip faults refract at the soil-rock interface, initially increasing in dip. Normal faults may keep increasing their dip as they approach the ground surface, as a function of the peak friction angle φp and the angle of dilation ψp. In contrast, reverse faults tend to decrease in dip, as they emerge on the ground surface. For small values of the base fault offset, h, relative to the soil thickness, H, a dip-slip rupture cannot propagate all the way to the surface. The h/H ratio required for outcropping is an increasing function of soil ""ductility."" Reverse faults require significantly higher h/H to outcrop, compared to normal faults. When the rupture outcrops, the height of the fault scrap, s, also depends on soil ductility. © 2007 ASCE.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:8(943)	en
dc.identifier.volume	133	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.spage	943	en
dc.identifier.epage	958	en