Effect of the mechanical activation on size reduction of crystalline acetaminophen drug particles

Biazar, E; Beitollahi, A; Forati, T; Asefnejad, A; Tentopoulou, N; Ardeshir, M; Zeinali, R

dc.contributor.author	Biazar, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Beitollahi, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Forati, T	en
dc.contributor.author	Asefnejad, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Tentopoulou, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Ardeshir, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Zeinali, R	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T01:58:53Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T01:58:53Z
dc.date.issued	2009	en
dc.identifier.issn	1176-9114	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/28767
dc.subject	acetaminophen	en
dc.subject	mechanical activation	en
dc.subject	structure investigation	en
dc.subject	nanoparticles	en
dc.subject	ball mill	en
dc.subject.classification	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	en
dc.subject.classification	Pharmacology & Pharmacy	en
dc.title	Effect of the mechanical activation on size reduction of crystalline acetaminophen drug particles	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	2009	en
heal.abstract	The decrease in particle size may offer new properties to drugs. In this study, we investigated the size reduction influence of the acetaminophen (C8H9O2N) particles by mechanical activation using a dry ball mill. The activated samples with the average size of 1 mu m were then investigated in different time periods with the infrared (IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results of the IR and XRD images showed no change in the drug structure after the mechanical activation of all samples. With the peak height at full width at half maximum from XRD and the Scherrer equation, the size of the activated crystallite samples illustrated that the AFM images were in sound agreement with the Scherrer equation. According to the peaks of the AFM images, the average size of the particles in 30 hours of activation was 24 nm with a normal particle distribution. The ICP analysis demonstrated the presence of tungsten carbide particle impurities after activation from the powder sample impacting with the ball and jar. The greatest reduction in size was after milling for 30 hours.	en
heal.publisher	DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD	en
heal.journalName	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:000272232900017	en
dc.identifier.volume	4	en
dc.identifier.spage	283	en
dc.identifier.epage	287	en