Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of biphenyl with pyrrole

Simitzis, J; Soulis, S; Triantou, D

dc.contributor.author	Simitzis, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Soulis, S	en
dc.contributor.author	Triantou, D	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:08:45Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:08:45Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	00218995	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/29729
dc.subject	conducting polymers	en
dc.subject	copolymerization	en
dc.subject	electrical conductivity	en
dc.subject	polyphenylene	en
dc.subject	polypyrroles	en
dc.subject.other	Applied potentials	en
dc.subject.other	Benzenoid rings	en
dc.subject.other	Compact morphology	en
dc.subject.other	Conducting copolymers	en
dc.subject.other	Copolymer films	en
dc.subject.other	Current-time curves	en
dc.subject.other	Electrical conductivity	en
dc.subject.other	Electrochemical stabilities	en
dc.subject.other	Electrochemical synthesis	en
dc.subject.other	Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies	en
dc.subject.other	FTIR	en
dc.subject.other	High conductivity	en
dc.subject.other	Low energies	en
dc.subject.other	Polyphenylenes	en
dc.subject.other	R value	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electrons	en
dc.subject.other	Second group	en
dc.subject.other	Aromatic compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Conducting polymers	en
dc.subject.other	Copolymerization	en
dc.subject.other	Electric conductivity	en
dc.subject.other	Electropolymerization	en
dc.subject.other	Energy gap	en
dc.subject.other	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Morphology	en
dc.subject.other	Polypyrroles	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Solids	en
dc.subject.other	Thermogravimetric analysis	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction analysis	en
dc.subject.other	Copolymers	en
dc.title	Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of biphenyl with pyrrole	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1002/app.36301	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.36301	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	Copolymer films of biphenyl and pyrrole were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The influence of the applied potential used for the electropolymerization on the structure, morphology, electrical conductivity, and stability of the films was examined. From the analysis of the current-time curves, it was found that the growth of the copolymer films starts immediately. The films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and their electrical conductivity (σ), energy gap (Eg), and electrochemical stability were also determined. Based on the results, the copolymers were classified into three groups. The first includes the (PP-PPy)0.80 copolymer synthesized at the lowest potential Eox (0.80 V), having the highest ratio R (R = 0.35) of quinoid to benzenoid rings (calculated from FTIR), the highest value of σ (σ = 0.9 S/cm), the lowest Eg (Eg = 1.20 eV), and has compact morphology. The second group concerns the copolymers synthesized at higher potential (0.82 up to 0.86 V), having lower R (∼ 0.20), lower σ (below 0.4 S/cm), higher Eg (∼ 1.35 eV), and they are less compact with many pores. The third group includes the copolymers synthesized at even higher applied potential (0.88 and 0.90 V), having even lower R values (∼ 0.10), significantly lower σ (∼ 10-3 S/cm), even higher Eg (∼ 1.70 eV), and they are very porous. The applied potential during electropolymerization strongly affects the properties of the synthesized copolymers. Because of the combination of high conductivity, low energy gap, and partial solubility with significant electrochemical stability, these new copolymers are attractive candidates for many applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	en
heal.journalName	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1002/app.36301	en
dc.identifier.volume	125	en
dc.identifier.issue	3	en
dc.identifier.spage	1928	en
dc.identifier.epage	1941	en