Miniature scalp-implantable antennas for telemetry in the MICS and ISM bands: Design, safety considerations and link budget analysis

Kiourti, A; Nikita, KS

dc.contributor.author	Kiourti, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Nikita, KS	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:11:26Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:11:26Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	0018926X	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/29898
dc.subject	Implantable antenna	en
dc.subject	industrial	en
dc.subject	medical implant communications service band	en
dc.subject	optimization	en
dc.subject	scientific and medical band	en
dc.subject	specific absorption rate (SAR)	en
dc.subject	telemetry	en
dc.subject.other	Implantable antennas	en
dc.subject.other	industrial	en
dc.subject.other	Medical implant communications services	en
dc.subject.other	scientific and medical band	en
dc.subject.other	Specific absorption rate	en
dc.subject.other	Biotelemetry	en
dc.subject.other	Budget control	en
dc.subject.other	Design	en
dc.subject.other	Electromagnetic wave absorption	en
dc.subject.other	Finite difference time domain method	en
dc.subject.other	Finite element method	en
dc.subject.other	Optimization	en
dc.subject.other	Radar antennas	en
dc.subject.other	Telemetering	en
dc.subject.other	Telemetering equipment	en
dc.subject.other	Tissue	en
dc.subject.other	Antennas	en
dc.title	Miniature scalp-implantable antennas for telemetry in the MICS and ISM bands: Design, safety considerations and link budget analysis	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1109/TAP.2012.2201078	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2201078	en
heal.identifier.secondary	6204048	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	We study the design and radiation performance of novel miniature antennas for integration in head-implanted medical devices operating in the MICS (402.0-405.0 MHz) and ISM (433.1-434.8, 868.0-868.6 and 902.8-928.0 MHz) bands. A parametric model of a skin-implantable antenna is proposed, and a prototype is fabricated and tested. To speed-up antenna design, a two-step methodology is suggested. This involves approximate antenna design inside a simplified geometry and further Quasi-Newton optimization inside a canonical model of the intended implantation site. Antennas are further analyzed inside an anatomical human head model. Results indicate strong dependence of the exhibited radiation performance (radiation pattern, gain, specific absorption rate and quality of communication with exterior equipment) on design parameters and operation frequency. The study provides valuable insight into the design of implantable antennas, addressing the suitability of canonical against anatomical tissue models for design purposes, and assessing patient safety and link budget at various frequencies. Finite Element and Finite Difference Time Domain numerical solvers are used at different stages of the antenna design and analysis procedures to suit specific needs. The proposed design methodology can be applied to optimize antennas for several implantation scenarios and biotelemetry applications. © 1963-2012 IEEE.	en
heal.journalName	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1109/TAP.2012.2201078	en
dc.identifier.volume	60	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.spage	3568	en
dc.identifier.epage	3575	en