Sulfate resistance of limestone cement concrete exposed to combined chloride and sulfate environment at low temperature

Sotiriadis, K; Nikolopoulou, E; Tsivilis, S

dc.contributor.author	Sotiriadis, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Nikolopoulou, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsivilis, S	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:14:45Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:14:45Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	09589465	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/30096
dc.subject	Chlorides	en
dc.subject	Durability	en
dc.subject	Limestone cement concrete	en
dc.subject	Sulfate attack	en
dc.subject	Thaumasite	en
dc.subject.other	Brucite	en
dc.subject.other	Cement concrete	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorides	en
dc.subject.other	Concrete durability	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosive solution	en
dc.subject.other	Deterioration degree	en
dc.subject.other	Low temperatures	en
dc.subject.other	Mass measurements	en
dc.subject.other	Secondary gypsums	en
dc.subject.other	Sulfate attack	en
dc.subject.other	Sulfate resistance	en
dc.subject.other	Thaumasite	en
dc.subject.other	Thaumasite form of sulfate attack	en
dc.subject.other	Visual inspection	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorine compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Concretes	en
dc.subject.other	Deterioration	en
dc.subject.other	Durability	en
dc.subject.other	Gypsum	en
dc.subject.other	Portland cement	en
dc.subject.other	Silicate minerals	en
dc.subject.other	Sulfur compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Limestone	en
dc.title	Sulfate resistance of limestone cement concrete exposed to combined chloride and sulfate environment at low temperature	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.05.006	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.05.006	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	Concrete durability was investigated, taking under consideration the limestone content of the cement used, as well as the effect of chlorides on concrete's deterioration due to the thaumasite form of sulfate attack. A normal Portland cement and two Portland limestone cements (15% and 35% w/w limestone content) were used for concrete preparation. The specimens were immersed in two corrosive solutions (chloride-sulfate; sulfate) and stored at 5 ± 1 °C. Visual inspection of the specimens, mass measurements and compressive strength tests took place for 24 months. Concretes containing limestone, as cement constituent and/or as aggregate, suffered from the thaumasite form of sulfate attack, which was accompanied by brucite and secondary gypsum formation. Limestone cement concretes exhibited higher deterioration degree compared to the concrete made without limestone cement. The disintegration was more severe and rapid, the higher the limestone content of the cement used. Chlorides inhibit sulfate attack on concrete, thus delaying and mitigating its deterioration. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	en
heal.journalName	Cement and Concrete Composites	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.05.006	en
dc.identifier.volume	34	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.spage	903	en
dc.identifier.epage	910	en