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Temporal profiling of human urine VOCs and its potential role under the ruins of collapsed buildings

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dc.contributor.author Mochalski, P en
dc.contributor.author Krapf, K en
dc.contributor.author Ager, C en
dc.contributor.author Wiesenhofer, H en
dc.contributor.author Agapiou, A en
dc.contributor.author Statheropoulos, M en
dc.contributor.author Fuchs, D en
dc.contributor.author Ellmerer, E en
dc.contributor.author Buszewski, B en
dc.contributor.author Amann, A en
dc.date.accessioned 2014-03-01T02:14:47Z
dc.date.available 2014-03-01T02:14:47Z
dc.date.issued 2012 en
dc.identifier.issn 15376524 en
dc.identifier.uri https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/30116
dc.subject Entrapped victims en
dc.subject Potential markers of human presence en
dc.subject Rescue operations en
dc.subject Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) en
dc.subject.other 3 hexanone en
dc.subject.other 3 methylbutan 2 one en
dc.subject.other 4 methyl 2 pentanone en
dc.subject.other biological marker en
dc.subject.other dimethyl disulfide en
dc.subject.other dimethyl sulfone en
dc.subject.other dimethyltrisulfide en
dc.subject.other octanal en
dc.subject.other propionaldehyde en
dc.subject.other unclassified drug en
dc.subject.other volatile organic compound en
dc.subject.other adult en
dc.subject.other article en
dc.subject.other building en
dc.subject.other controlled study en
dc.subject.other disaster en
dc.subject.other female en
dc.subject.other human en
dc.subject.other human experiment en
dc.subject.other male en
dc.subject.other mass fragmentography en
dc.subject.other normal human en
dc.subject.other priority journal en
dc.subject.other rescue work en
dc.subject.other room temperature en
dc.subject.other solid phase microextraction en
dc.subject.other storage en
dc.subject.other urinalysis en
dc.subject.other urine en
dc.subject.other urine odor en
dc.subject.other victim en
dc.title Temporal profiling of human urine VOCs and its potential role under the ruins of collapsed buildings en
heal.type journalArticle en
heal.identifier.primary 10.3109/15376516.2012.682664 en
heal.identifier.secondary http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376516.2012.682664 en
heal.publicationDate 2012 en
heal.abstract Context: The scent profile of human urine was investigated as potential source of chemical markers of human presence in collapsed buildings after natural or man-made disasters. Objective: The main goals of this study were to build a library of potential biomarkers of human urine to be used for the detection of entrapped victims and to further examine their evolution profile in time. Materials and methods: Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect and identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) spontaneously released from urine of 20 healthy volunteers. Additionally, the evolution of human urine headspace during four days storage at room temperature was investigated. Results: 33 omnipresent species with incidence higher than 80% were selected as potential urine markers. The most represented chemical classes were ketones with 10 representatives, aldehydes (7 species) and sulfur compounds (7 species). The monitoring of the evolution of the urine scent demonstrated an increase in the emission of 26 omnipresent urinary volatiles (rise from 36% to 526%). The highest increase was noted for dimethyldisulfide and dimethyltrisulfide (fivefold increase) and 3-methyl-2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and 3-hexanone (fourfold rise). Only three compounds exhibited decreasing trend; dimethylsulfone, octanal and propanal. Conclusion: The ubiquitous urine VOCs identified within this study create a library of potential markers of human urine to be verified in further field studies, involving portable and sensitive instruments, directly applied in the field. © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. en
heal.journalName Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods en
dc.identifier.doi 10.3109/15376516.2012.682664 en
dc.identifier.volume 22 en
dc.identifier.issue 7 en
dc.identifier.spage 502 en
dc.identifier.epage 511 en


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