Treatment of underground water in open flow and closed-loop fixed bed systems by utilizing the natural minerals clinoptilolite and vermiculite

Inglezakis, VJ; Elaiopoulos, K; Aggelatouc, V; Zorpas, AA

dc.contributor.author	Inglezakis, VJ	en
dc.contributor.author	Elaiopoulos, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Aggelatouc, V	en
dc.contributor.author	Zorpas, AA	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:14:51Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:14:51Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	19443994	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/30155
dc.subject	Clinoptilolite	en
dc.subject	Closed loop	en
dc.subject	Drinking water	en
dc.subject	Fixed beds	en
dc.subject	Iron	en
dc.subject	Manganese	en
dc.subject	Vermiculite	en
dc.title	Treatment of underground water in open flow and closed-loop fixed bed systems by utilizing the natural minerals clinoptilolite and vermiculite	en
heal.type	journalArticle	en
heal.identifier.primary	10/5004/dwt.2012.3357	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10/5004/dwt.2012.3357	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	Iron and manganese are found naturally in several soil and rock minerals while in the same time they are used as raw material in steel manufacture and products. Both metals can reach ground water reserves easily by rain or other means and while surface water does not usually contain high concentrations of iron or manganese because the oxygen-rich water enables both minerals to settle out as sediments, in anaerobic conditions, like in ground water deposits, iron and manganese are reduced to their soluble oxidation states Fe2+ and Mn2+. The problem of groundwater contaminated with these metals has become evident the last decades and several methods have been tested in the related literature. Ion exchange and adsorption are inexpensive and simple methods, especially when natural minerals are used, as zeolites and clays, however, the relevant studies of simultaneous removal of Fe and Mn from natural samples in the literature are few. In the present study natural clinoptilolite (zeolite) and vermiculite (clay) are utilized for simultaneous removal of Fe and Mn from underground water samples in open flow and closed loop fixed bed systems. A closed loop fixed bed system is a fixed bed with recycling of liquid phase and thus, is a type of batch process. Vermiculite exhibited higher removal levels than clinoptilolite for both Fe and Mn. For both materials Fe removal is higher than Mn. In the closed loop fixed bed system after 24 h of treatment and 2 g/100 ml solid to liquid ratio, Fe and Mn removal levels reach 100% and 75% for vermiculite and 82% and 30% for clinoptilolite, respectively. Pretreatment of groundwater by precipitation increases removal of Fe and the system could reach 100% removal for clinoptilolite as well. Finally, results show that under the same operational conditions, closed loop fixed bed system is more promising for groundwater treatment than batch system. © 2012 Desalination Publications.	en
heal.journalName	Desalination and Water Treatment	en
dc.identifier.doi	10/5004/dwt.2012.3357	en
dc.identifier.volume	39	en
dc.identifier.issue	1-3	en
dc.identifier.spage	215	en
dc.identifier.epage	227	en