Application of the EU bathing water directive to the design of marine sewage disposal systems

Christoulas, DG; Andreadakis, AD

dc.contributor.author	Christoulas, DG	en
dc.contributor.author	Andreadakis, AD	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:41:04Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:41:04Z
dc.date.issued	1995	en
dc.identifier.issn	0273-1223	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/30351
dc.subject	Bathing waters	en
dc.subject	Coliforms	en
dc.subject	Legislation	en
dc.subject	Marine disposal	en
dc.subject	Microbial pollution	en
dc.subject	Outfalls	en
dc.subject.classification	Engineering, Environmental	en
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en
dc.subject.classification	Water Resources	en
dc.subject.other	Bathing water directive	en
dc.subject.other	Fecal coliforms	en
dc.subject.other	Mortality rate	en
dc.subject.other	Calculations	en
dc.subject.other	Coliform bacteria	en
dc.subject.other	Disinfection	en
dc.subject.other	Effluents	en
dc.subject.other	Mathematical models	en
dc.subject.other	Ocean currents	en
dc.subject.other	Outfalls	en
dc.subject.other	Probability	en
dc.subject.other	Seawater	en
dc.subject.other	Solar radiation	en
dc.subject.other	Statistical methods	en
dc.subject.other	Wind effects	en
dc.subject.other	Sewage treatment	en
dc.subject.other	coliform bacterium	en
dc.subject.other	conference paper	en
dc.subject.other	greece	en
dc.subject.other	law	en
dc.subject.other	mathematical model	en
dc.subject.other	sea pollution	en
dc.subject.other	sewage disposal	en
dc.subject.other	swimming	en
dc.subject.other	water quality	en
dc.subject.other	wind	en
dc.subject.other	Bacteria (microorganisms)	en
dc.title	Application of the EU bathing water directive to the design of marine sewage disposal systems	en
heal.type	conferenceItem	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/0273-1223(95)00569-9	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00569-9	en
heal.language	English	en
heal.publicationDate	1995	en
heal.abstract	A mathematical model for the design of marine sewage disposal systems in accordance with the criteria of the EU Bathing Water Directive is developed and applied to the design of the outfall of the sewage from Athens, Greece. The model calculates the reduction of fecal coliforms due to initial and subsequent dilutions and die-off due to the effect of solar radiation and predicts the concentrations of fecal coliforms at the bathing area for specific hours and current velocities. A combination of these results with the probability distribution of the velocity of the sea currents results in a frequency distribution of fecal coliform concentrations at the bathing area thus enabling evaluations with respect to conformity to the statistical criteria of the EU Directive. The application of the model to the disposal system for the sewage of Athens shows that conformity, without the use of effluent disinfection, can be achieved for the nearest bathing area, located at a distance of 3.4 km from the outfall, irrespective of the definition of the bathing hours (8 am-8 pm or 24 hrs) and for a sufficiently conservative mortality rate. These results indicate that under Mediterranean or similar conditions, with typical wind induced currents, a sewage field travel distance of a few kilometres is sufficient to ensure bathing areas against infection, without the need for sewage disinfection. It should, however, be stressed that these conclusions are valid on the assumption that the sampling procedures outlined in the EU Directive refer to uniformly distributed sampling throughout the bathing period of the day or season.	en
heal.publisher	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	en
heal.journalName	Water Science and Technology	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/0273-1223(95)00569-9	en
dc.identifier.isi	ISI:A1995TJ08200008	en
dc.identifier.volume	32	en
dc.identifier.issue	2	en
dc.identifier.spage	53	en
dc.identifier.epage	60	en