heal.abstract |
Mining and mineral processing operations result in the generation of large quantities of wastes, most of which are characterised as toxic or hazardous mainly due to their heavy metal content. Improper environmental management has resulted in the pollution of land and waters creating a serious problem in industrialised countries. The stringent environmental regulations and the change of the land use from mining/industrial to residential, agricultural or even recreational, require development of new and improved treatment technologies for soil decontamination. Although, a substantial number of innovative technologies has been developed, only few of them have been applied successfully in practice. This paper is focused on environmental issues concerning sites polluted by heavy metals originating from the solid wastes of mining and mineral processing operations. Methodologies applied for environmental characterisation, risk assessment and rehabilitation technologies are discussed. Rehabilitation technologies include preventive technologies to inhibit the spread of pollution from active sources and remedial technologies for the clean up of the contaminated sites. Each technique is evaluated with respect to its effectiveness to reduce the tailings and soil toxicity as this is determined by the appropriate toxicity tests. A specific example for the application of the whole rehabilitation scheme in the case of land contamination in the area of the municipality of Lavrion in Greece, is also presented and analysed. |
en |