The evolution of the Greek ferronickel production process

Zevgolis, EN

dc.contributor.author	Zevgolis, EN	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:49:55Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:49:55Z
dc.date.issued	2004	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/34792
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2642512293&partnerID=40&md5=e9bc764a6bb30f87079462a8d5364f13	en
dc.subject	Ferronickel	en
dc.subject	Larco process	en
dc.subject	Laterites	en
dc.subject	LM process	en
dc.subject	Metallurgy	en
dc.subject.other	Electric furnaces	en
dc.subject.other	Electrolysis	en
dc.subject.other	Granulation	en
dc.subject.other	Nickel compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Nickel mines	en
dc.subject.other	Ore reduction	en
dc.subject.other	Production engineering	en
dc.subject.other	Productivity	en
dc.subject.other	Rotary kilns	en
dc.subject.other	Smelting	en
dc.subject.other	Thermodynamics	en
dc.subject.other	Ferronickel	en
dc.subject.other	Larco process	en
dc.subject.other	Laterites	en
dc.subject.other	LM process	en
dc.subject.other	Nickel metallurgy	en
dc.title	The evolution of the Greek ferronickel production process	en
heal.type	conferenceItem	en
heal.publicationDate	2004	en
heal.abstract	After the Krupp-Renn process was shown to be unsuitable for treatment of the Greek nickeliferous laterites, the LM process was developed. It involved roasting reduction up to metallic iron in a Rotary Kiln (R/K) and smelting in an Electric Furnace (E/F). Ferronickel (with 15% Ni) produced in the E/F, was upgraded to 90-95% Ni in an O2 converter. Raw Ni was then electrolyzed to pure Ni. The LM process was not applied for very long however, due to various problems. So, the Larco process was developed, i.e., pre-reduction in R/Ks, smelting of the calcine in E/Fs for ferronickel production (15% Ni) and enrichment to 20% Ni, in an O2 converter. Until now, many technological improvements have been invented and applied or adjusted to the process, which have made it a fully reliable and competitive one. Some of the improvements were the invention and application of a new granulation process for liquid ferronickel, the modification of the existing R/Ks, E/Fs and converters and the design of new ones, and others that are described in the paper.	en
heal.journalName	International Laterite Nickel Symposium	en
dc.identifier.spage	619	en
dc.identifier.epage	632	en