Seismic behaviour of tunnels in soft soil: Parametric numerical study and investigation on the causes of failure of the Bolu tunnel (Düzce, Turkey, 1999)

Giannakou, A; Nomikos, P; Anastasopoulos, I; Sofianos, A; Gazetas, G; Yiouta-Mitra, P

dc.contributor.author	Giannakou, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Nomikos, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Anastasopoulos, I	en
dc.contributor.author	Sofianos, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Gazetas, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Yiouta-Mitra, P	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:50:12Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:50:12Z
dc.date.issued	2005	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/34950
dc.relation.uri	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856859859&partnerID=40&md5=6a9c2555827d3e742d11d72dfbba0d68	en
dc.subject.other	Axial forces	en
dc.subject.other	Circular tunnels	en
dc.subject.other	Differential displacements	en
dc.subject.other	Dynamic excitations	en
dc.subject.other	Elastic solutions	en
dc.subject.other	Ground conditions	en
dc.subject.other	In-plane strains	en
dc.subject.other	Limiting state	en
dc.subject.other	Numerical studies	en
dc.subject.other	Parametric investigations	en
dc.subject.other	Ricker wavelets	en
dc.subject.other	Seismic behaviour	en
dc.subject.other	Seismic event	en
dc.subject.other	Seismic motions	en
dc.subject.other	Seismic shaking	en
dc.subject.other	Seismic source	en
dc.subject.other	Soft soils	en
dc.subject.other	Soil strength	en
dc.subject.other	Dynamic response	en
dc.subject.other	Earthquakes	en
dc.title	Seismic behaviour of tunnels in soft soil: Parametric numerical study and investigation on the causes of failure of the Bolu tunnel (Düzce, Turkey, 1999)	en
heal.type	conferenceItem	en
heal.publicationDate	2005	en
heal.abstract	This paper presents a parametric investigation of the seismic response of circular tunnels. The dynamic response due to seismic shaking is analyzed numerically making use of the finite difference method. The analyses are conducted in plane strain, parametrically varying the diameter of the tunnel and the thickness of the lining. Idealized Ricker wavelets are utilized as dynamic excitation, being representative of real seismic events. The results, including maximum differential displacements between the crown and the invert, as well as the maximum bending moments and axial forces in the lining, are found to compare well with existing elastic solutions. As a real case study, the paper investigates the causes of failure of the Bolu tunnel during the 1999 Düzce (Turkey) earthquake. It is concluded that the intensity of the seismic motion due to the proximity to the seismic source must have played a major role. The 1 m convergence observed before the earthquake, that was due to squeezing ground conditions, not only contributed to the reduction of the soil strength surrounding the tunnel, but also drove the lining very close to failure even before the earthquake struck. Had the tunnel not been in such a limiting state, it would possibly have survived the earthquake. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group.	en
heal.journalName	Underground Space Use: Analysis of the Past and Lessons for the Future - Proceedings of the 31st ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress	en
dc.identifier.volume	1	en
dc.identifier.spage	649	en
dc.identifier.epage	655	en