Analytical methodologies for the investigation of soil-induced degradation of Cu-based archaeological artefacts

Mezzi, A; De Caro, T; Riccucci, C; Parisi, EI; Faraldi, F; Vassiliou, P; Grassini, S

dc.contributor.author	Mezzi, A	en
dc.contributor.author	De Caro, T	en
dc.contributor.author	Riccucci, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Parisi, EI	en
dc.contributor.author	Faraldi, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Vassiliou, P	en
dc.contributor.author	Grassini, S	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T02:53:33Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T02:53:33Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	01422421	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/36407
dc.subject	archaeological artefacts	en
dc.subject	bronze	en
dc.subject	corrosion	en
dc.subject	SEM-EDS	en
dc.subject	XPS	en
dc.subject	XRD	en
dc.subject.other	Analytical methodology	en
dc.subject.other	Analytical techniques	en
dc.subject.other	Archaeological artefacts	en
dc.subject.other	Archaeological objects	en
dc.subject.other	Complex chemistry	en
dc.subject.other	Complex structure	en
dc.subject.other	Copper oxidation	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosion phenomena	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosion products	en
dc.subject.other	Crystallographic phasis	en
dc.subject.other	Cu-based	en
dc.subject.other	Degradation process	en
dc.subject.other	Elemental concentrations	en
dc.subject.other	Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Methodological approach	en
dc.subject.other	Migration phenomena	en
dc.subject.other	Selective corrosion	en
dc.subject.other	SEM-EDS	en
dc.subject.other	Structural information	en
dc.subject.other	Valence band spectra	en
dc.subject.other	XPS measurements	en
dc.subject.other	XRD	en
dc.subject.other	Bronze	en
dc.subject.other	Chlorine	en
dc.subject.other	Copper compounds	en
dc.subject.other	Corrosion	en
dc.subject.other	Degradation	en
dc.subject.other	Optical data storage	en
dc.subject.other	Optical microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Scanning electron microscopy	en
dc.subject.other	X ray diffraction	en
dc.subject.other	X ray photoelectron spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	X ray spectroscopy	en
dc.subject.other	Chemical analysis	en
dc.title	Analytical methodologies for the investigation of soil-induced degradation of Cu-based archaeological artefacts	en
heal.type	conferenceItem	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1002/sia.4803	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4803	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	Archaeological bronze artefacts are covered with corrosion products, that is, the patinas, whose nature depends on different degradation processes occurring during long-term burial. As a consequence of the corrosion phenomenon, surfaces of archaeological metal objects are composed of a complex structure. By means of the combined use of different analytical techniques such as XPS, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, some typical patinas grown on Roman and Punic archaeological bronze artefacts have been studied in details by selecting a suitable methodological approach to acquire micro-chemical, morphological and structural information. The XPS measurements of Cu 2p, Cu LMM and valence band spectra of archaeological objects and reference samples such as CuCl2, CuCl, Cu2Cl(OH)3, Cu2O and CuO allowed us to identify the different copper oxidation states and crystallographic phases present in a patina. Moreover, the XPS elemental concentration depth profiles have yielded information about the stratified outermost layers and the occurrence of the migration phenomenon from bulk to surface due to selective corrosion processes. These pieces of information compared with those achieved via scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the complex chemistry and morphology of the patina, highlighting also the correlation between patina and burial context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	en
heal.journalName	Surface and Interface Analysis	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1002/sia.4803	en
dc.identifier.volume	44	en
dc.identifier.issue	8	en
dc.identifier.spage	953	en
dc.identifier.epage	957	en