Η εξέλιξη και τα προβλήματα της διακυβέρνησης των υδάτων στην Ελλάδα

Σουλαμίδης, Γιώργος; Soulamidis, Giorgos

dc.contributor.author	Σουλαμίδης, Γιώργος	el
dc.contributor.author	Soulamidis, Giorgos	en
dc.date.accessioned	2020-05-28T15:07:25Z
dc.date.available	2020-05-28T15:07:25Z
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/50702
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.26240/heal.ntua.18400
dc.description	Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Επιστήμη και Τεχνολογία Υδατικών Πόρων”	el
dc.rights	Default License
dc.subject	Dιακυβέρνηση	el
dc.subject	Oδηγία 2000/60	el
dc.subject	Nομοθεσία	el
dc.subject	Water frame directive	en
dc.subject	Water governance	el
dc.title	Η εξέλιξη και τα προβλήματα της διακυβέρνησης των υδάτων στην Ελλάδα	el
heal.type	masterThesis
heal.classification	Διακυβέρνηση Υδάτων	el
heal.language	el
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	ntua	el
heal.publicationDate	2019-10-12
heal.abstract	Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση του Νομοθετικού έργου της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και της Ελλάδας και πιο συγκεκριμένα της Διακυβέρνησης των Υδάτων (Water Governance) Αρχικά γίνεται μία σύντομη περιγραφή της Οδηγίας 2000/60 και των άρθρων που την απαρτίζουν καθώς και οι κύριοι στόχοι που προσπαθεί να πετύχει η εφαρμογή της. Στην Ελλάδα πριν από την έναρξη ισχύος της οδηγίας 2000/60, ο σημαντικότερος νόμος που εγκρίθηκε ήταν ο νόμος 1739 (1987), ο οποίος διαιρούσε τη χώρα σε 14 περιοχές λεκάνης απορροής ποταμού που είχαν κατασκευαστεί για οργανωτικούς και διοικητικούς λόγους. Η εφαρμογή της Οδηγίας Πλαίσιο για τα Νερά άρχισε στην Ελλάδα με το Ν. 3199 το 2003 και στόχευε στην εισαγωγή της Ελλάδας σε πιο ολοκληρωμένη και οργανωμένη διαχείριση και προστασία των υδάτων. Τέλος το Προεδρικό Διάταγμα Π.Δ. 51/2007 αποτελεί την ουσιαστική εναρμόνιση της οδηγίας πλαίσιο για τα νερά στο εθνικό θεσμικό πλαίσιο. Στη συνέχεια αναλύεται ο ορισμός της Διακυβέρνησης όπως επίσης και η τεράστια σημασία της για την εξέλιξη της πολιτικής και της διαχείρισης των υδάτων. Η Διακυβέρνηση των Υδάτων είναι ένας από τους πιο σημαντικούς παράγοντες για να επιτευχθούν όλοι οι στόχοι που έχει θέσει η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση με την οδηγία πλαίσιο για τα νερά. Η διακυβέρνηση των υδάτων αναφέρεται στις πολιτικές, θεσμικές και διοικητικές αξίες, όπως επίσης και τα συστήματα και οι ενέργειες που επηρεάζουν τη χρήση, ανάπτυξη και διαχείριση των υδάτινων πόρων. Βασικό χαρακτηριστικό της είναι η ενεργός συμμετοχή όλων των πολιτών στη λήψη αποφάσεων και τα ζητήματα που έχει η χώρα. Στόχος του είναι να δημιουργήσει μια νέα μορφή κυβερνητικής κοινωνίας που θα επικεντρωθεί στη συνεργασία. Οι φορείς της διακυβέρνησης είναι: το κράτος, τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη και η κοινωνία των πολιτών και το καθένα έχει τα δικά του συμφέροντα, τις δικές του ανησυχίες και είναι εξίσου σημαντικό για την επίτευξη της «καλής διακυβέρνησης». Ο όρος Διακυβέρνηση είναι ακόμα καινούργιος για τα ελληνικά δεδομένα και δεν μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με επιτυχία πλην κάποιων εξαιρέσεων όπως αυτό του Δικτύου Υδατικών Πόρων Μαγνησίας. Πρέπει όμως να γίνει αντιληπτό ότι η διακυβέρνηση των υδάτων είναι ουσιώδης για την ανάπτυξη και την πλήρη συμμόρφωση της Ελλάδας με την Οδηγία 2000/60.	el
heal.abstract	The purpose of this thesis is to present the legislative work in relation to the environment of the European Union and Greece and then to have a more in-depth discussion on Water Governance and the problems it faces. Initially a brief description of The Directive 2000/60 and its articles is given and their objectives are described in detail. This directive is a major and important step in the development and improvement of methods to clean and restore those water resources that are deemed to be of bad quality. However, the directive offers very generic guidelines and in some countries it cannot be implemented in its fullest potential, this could be due to strong geomorphological background, the lack of experience and know-how or the lack of available resources. In Greece before Directive 2000/60 came into force, the most important law adopted was Law 1739 (1987), which divided the country into 14 River Basin Districts which were made for organizational and administrative reasons. Implementation of the Water Framework Directive started in Greece under Law 3199 in 2003 and aimed to introduce Greece to more integrated and organized water management and protection. However, due to some difficulties encountered in trying to implement the directive, it fell short achieving its objectives and the European Union's timetable. After this introduction to the term Governance follows the concept of water governance which adds to the game the water resources. The goal of "good" governance is to improve the water management and to protect these water resources from the pressures they receive through the application of socially acceptable regulations. Water governance has been a widespread issue among academics, international organizations and policy makers. Refers to the political, institutional and administrative values, systems and actions that affect the use, development and management of water resources. Its key feature is the active involvement of all citizens in decision-making and issues that the country has. Its aim is to create a new form of government society that will focus on cooperation. The actors of Governance are: the State, Stakeholders and Civil Society, and each of them has its own interests, its own concerns, and they are equally important for achieving "Good Governance". Water plays a central role in sustainable development. The use and abuse of increasingly precious water resources has intensified dramatically in recent decades reaching a point where water scarcity, degradation of water quality and the destruction of aquatic ecosystems severely affect economic and social development prospects, stability and the integrity of the ecosystem. Given the importance of water to alleviate poverty, human health and ecosystems, water management and "Good Water Governance" become central. 4 Until recently there was no common line of approach to the problems and efforts were made without any results. In 1992 this changed with the Dublin-Rio principles, which are seen as a means of establishing a common framework for water management. It is well known that water plays an important role in the development of a country, but the excessive use of more and more valuable water resources has increased dramatically in recent years. Therefore, good governance is considered a key objective of the Water Framework Directive. Greece is one of the countries where the Water Framework Directive is difficult to implement. Due to the country's climate and the demand for water in some parts of Greece, mainly due to irrigation and agriculture, "good" governance would solve many of the country's water problems. But there are many obstacles both from the state itself and society. The state does not want to lose its power and society cannot function as a single group and every citizen looks to his or her individual interest instead of all actors working for the good of the environment. Priority for the implementation of the Directive in Greece is the River Basin Management Plans. The consultation period for the RBMPs started in 2012 for all of them and was not simply about information but the active involvement of all the actors. They are intended to co-design and co-manage an area or a natural good such as water and not to obtain consensus on already determined management measures. Greece has made efforts to achieve good water governance like the EnviFriendly Program at Evrotas River Basin, the Kallicrates Program at Alfeios River Basin and the DYPOM (Magnesia Water Resources Network) network implemented in the municipality of Volos. From the above programs only the DYPOM network had some positive results. The first evaluation of the network may fell short of researchers' expectations for a change in the local government, but the positive with the network was the increase of skills and knowledge of the members themselves. In Greece water governance had been for a long time the major responsibility of the central state. However regional administrations and local authorities acquired major responsibilities and competencies through a process of decentralization. These waves of decentralization have challenged centralized regime of Greece which is considered as one of the most centralist European states. Greece should leave behind the hierarchical and centralized practices of the past and strive to create an environment in which all actors can cooperate freely and exchange knowledge and views so that governance can be improved. And finally as a result Water Frame Directive can be implemented more easily and faster as Greece is already behind the relevant timetable set by the European Union.	en
heal.advisorName	Ανδρεαδάκης, Ανδρέας	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Ανδρεαδάκης, Ανδρέας	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Μαμάης, Δανιήλ	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Νάνου, Αικατερίνη	el
heal.academicPublisher	Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο. Σχολή Πολιτικών Μηχανικών	el
heal.academicPublisherID	ntua
heal.numberOfPages	92 σ.	el
heal.fullTextAvailability	false