Αποτίμηση και ενίσχυση κτιρίου από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία

Γεράκης, Μιχαήλ; Gerakis, Michail

dc.contributor.author	Γεράκης, Μιχαήλ	el
dc.contributor.author	Gerakis, Michail	en
dc.date.accessioned	2022-02-07T09:31:32Z
dc.date.available	2022-02-07T09:31:32Z
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/54577
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.26240/heal.ntua.22275
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/	*
dc.subject	Αποτίμηση	el
dc.subject	Ενίσχυση	el
dc.subject	Φέρουσα τοιχοποιία	el
dc.subject	ΚΑΔΕΤ	el
dc.subject	Λιθοδομή	el
dc.subject	Assessment	en
dc.subject	Load-bearing masonry	en
dc.subject	Repair	en
dc.subject	Reinforcement	en
dc.subject	Stonework	en
dc.title	Αποτίμηση και ενίσχυση κτιρίου από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία	el
dc.contributor.department	Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Επιστήμη και Τεχνολογία Υδατικών Πόρων” Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Δομοστατικός Σχεδιασμός και Ανάλυση των Κατασκευών”	el
heal.type	masterThesis
heal.classification	Φέρουσα τοιχοποιία	el
heal.language	el
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	ntua	el
heal.publicationDate	2021-10-21
heal.abstract	Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία ασχολείται με την αποτιμήση και την ενίσχυση του κτιρίου Γκίνη που βρίσκεται στην Αθήνα. Το κτίριο είναι από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία και κατά την αποτίμηση του φορέα εφαρμόστηκε ο Κανονισμός για Αποτίμηση και Δομητικές Επεμβάσεις Τοιχοποιίας ΚΑΔΕΤ. Τα αποτελέσματα της αποτίμησης καταδεικνύουν την επάρκεια του φορέα για επιβολή σεισμικής δράσης και καθορίζουν την ενδεχόμενη απαίτηση ενίσχυσης ή επισκευής του. Στο τέλος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τρόποι ενίσχυσης της τοιχοποιίας του κτιρίου. Η δυσκολία που αντιμετωπίστηκε στην εργασία αυτή ήταν ότι λόγω της παλαιότητας του έργου δεν μπορούσαν να βρεθούν όλα τα σχέδια του κτιρίου. Αυτό είχε ως αποτέλεσμα να πρέπει να ληφθούν κάποιες παραδοχές για τα δεδομένα και την γεωμετρία του κτιρίου. Η μελέτη που ακολουθεί δεν αποτελεί πιστή αναπαράσταση της πραγματικής κατάστασης του κτιρίου. Παρόλα αυτά μέσω των παραδοχών, το μοντέλο που θα δημιουργηθεί δεν απέχει πολύ από την πραγματική κατάσταση.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζεται μία ιστορική αναδρομή της χρήσης της τοιχοποιίας στις κατασκευές.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 δίνεται η περιγραφή του φορέα και των φορτίων που δρουν στην κατασκευή καθώς και πληροφορίες σχετικά με τον τρόπο που πραγματοποιήθηκε η προσομοίωση του φορέα στο πρόγραμμα ETABS 2016.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 παρουσιάζονται οι έλεγχοι που λαμβάνονται υπ’ όψη για την αποτίμηση της κατασκευής.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζεται η ελαστική ανάλυση που πραγματοποιήθηκε. Από τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης γίνεται η αποτίμηση της κατασκευής με βάση την οποία κρίνεται η απαίτηση επεμβάσεων.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 5 παρουσιάζονται μέθοδοι ενίσχυσης της κατασκευής.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 6 παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα από την μελέτη εφαρμογής ενισχύσεων στην κατασκευή.  Στο Κεφάλαιο 7 παρουσιάζονται τα βασικότερα συμπεράσματα που εξάγονται από τη μελέτη του κτιρίου.	el
heal.abstract	The capital of Greece, Athens, has been adorned with plenty of unique architectural designs during the past centuries. These astounding buildings are listed as some of the city’s landmarks and have great cultural importance. One of the most recognizable landmark is the Patission complex of National and Technical University of Athens in the city centre. This building complex was constructed in three different phases. At first, the building that housed the School of Fine Arts, the Rectorate building and the central building of the School of Architercture were constructed between the years 1862 and 1876 according to the plans designed by Architect Lyssandros Kaftantzoglou. In the 1920’s and during the Interwar period, because of the Institution’s increasing needs for more space, the building that later housed the School of Civil Engineering was constructed according to the plans designed by Architect Kostas Kitsikis. They named this building “Gkini” to honour Aggelos Gkinis, who was professor and principal of NTUA and was responsible of the university’s form in the years that followed the First World War. Later, between the years 1950 and 1957, the buildings that housed the School of Chemical Engineering and the School of Mechanical Engineering, were added to the complex. In the 1950’s and the 1960’s, Kostas Kitsikis designed an additional wing to the Gkini building, thus finalizing the form of this interesting building complex that is still intact after all these years and can be seen today. This dissertation will focus on the investigation and assessment of the seismic behaviour of the Gkini building according to the regulations of ΚΑΔΕΤ. In case of the construction’s failure during the static analysis, proposals of repairing and reinforcing techniques will be considered and tested in static analysis program in order to investigate their impact on the construction. The Gkini building is characterized by its intricate structural system which consists of load-bearing masonry of stone walls and reinforced concrete. Because of its construction, the Gkini building consists of two separate static structures, the older south wing and the more recent north one. Five auditoriums with 250 seats each are located in these buildings, the four of them situated one above the other in the north wing. As the years passed many of the Schools were relocated to the newly constructed building complex of Zografou and the Gkini building’s condition started to deteriorate and it was left unused and abandoned. The use of load-bearing masonry in the construction of buildings has been the main technique in the history of humankind. It all first started circa 1500 B.C. with the use of a mesh made from thin tree branches and mud as filling material for the voids between them. During the course of history different materials were used for the construction of walls in an attempt to achieve better durability for the structures. Since the middle of the 19th century, due to the use of steel and later the use of reinforced concrete, the construction of load-bearing masonry structures were limited. The south wing has an almost rectangular shape and consists of 5 stories, a basement, the ground floor and three other floors. Up until the 1st floor the construction is made of load-bearing masonry and the 2nd and 3rd floors are made of reinforced concrete. The north wing has an almost square shape and consists of 6 stories, a basement, the ground floor and four floors where the auditoriums are located. This wing is made of load-bearing masonry except for a small reinforced concrete structure in the north. Both wings have a wooden roof and an elevator shaft made of reinforced concrete. For the static analysis of the construction the program ETABS 2016 was used in which two different models were made, one for each wing. Due to building’s age, it wasn’t possible to recover all the plans that would be needed to design the building in its true form. Therefore, the following study and its results is not a completely accurate representation of the building’s behaviour. But, with some presets that were taken into consideration, this study approaches the real conditions as close as it can. The analysis was made using the finite element method by designing shell elements for the walls and frame elements for beams and columns and creating a proper mesh for each element. The construction then was assessed in the case of seismic event according to Eurocode and Greek Standards. According to the results, there is a need to reinforce the stone walls in several places since these piers and spandrels were not compliant to the regulation checks. One of the techniques to achieve reinforcement of the stone walls is grouting. In this method hydraulic grout is ejected in the wall, thus filling the voids that are created between the stones through the years. Another technique is the wall pointing. In this method, the mortar joints between the masonry elements are repaired by removing the mortar that is cracked and disintegrated due to age and replaced with fresh mortar, preferably of the same composition as the original. Each one of the aforementioned techniques was checked to investigate its impact on the construction. Thus the primary design models were modified in a proper way, by alternating the materials or elements’ properties, to simulate the behaviour of the reinforced structure and a new design model was made for each technique. All of the previously mentioned techniques were tested on both wings. In the end, there was also made a design model for the combination of these techniques for each wing. According to the results, the technique of wall pointing was slightly beneficial for the structure. On the other hand, the method of grouting produced much better results for the structure. Still, it is not recommended to use only one of the aforementioned techniques but to use both of them. According to the results of the design models of both building’s wings, the combination of the reinforcement techniques minimized the expected failures of the load-bearing masonry, thus making the construction safer and sturdier against a seismic event and prolonging the building’s life.	en
heal.advisorName	Παπαδόπουλος, Βησσαρίων	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Νεραντζάκη, Μαρία	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Φραγκιαδάκης, Μιχαήλ	el
heal.academicPublisher	Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο. Σχολή Πολιτικών Μηχανικών	el
heal.academicPublisherID	ntua
heal.numberOfPages	72 σ.	el
heal.fullTextAvailability	false