Process Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of
Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds from
Chlorella vulgaris and Comparison with Conventional and
Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Georgiopoulou, Ioulia; Tzima, Soultana; Louli, Vasiliki; Magoulas, Kostis

dc.contributor.author	Georgiopoulou, Ioulia
dc.contributor.author	Tzima, Soultana
dc.contributor.author	Louli, Vasiliki
dc.contributor.author	Magoulas, Kostis
dc.date.accessioned	2023-10-11T13:51:25Z
dc.date.available	2023-10-11T13:51:25Z
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/58155
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.26240/heal.ntua.25851
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/	*
dc.subject	microalgae	en
dc.subject	Chlorella vulgaris	en
dc.subject	microwave-assisted extraction	en
dc.subject	supercritical fluid extraction	en
dc.subject	solid-liquid extraction	en
dc.subject	bioactive molecules	en
dc.subject	antioxidant activity	en
dc.title	Process Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds from Chlorella vulgaris and Comparison with Conventional and Supercritical Fluid Extraction	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.classification	Chemical Engineering	en
heal.language	en
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	ntua	el
heal.publicationDate	2023-02-20
heal.bibliographicCitation	Georgiopoulou, I., Tzima, S., Louli, V., & Magoulas, K.,. Process Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds from Chlorella vulgaris and Comparison with Conventional and Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Applied Sciences, 13(4), 2740, MDPI, 2023.	en
heal.abstract	The production of bioactive products from microalgae biomass with efficient and environmentally friendly technologies is a field of great research interest. The present work focuses on the recovery of high-added value bioactive components from Chlorella vulgaris through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with aq. ethanol 90% v/v. The effect of extraction temperature (40–60 °C), duration (5–25 min), solvent-to-biomass ratio (20–90 mLsolv/gbiom), and microwave power (300–800 watts) was investigated regarding the extraction yield, extract’s chlorophyll, carotenoid and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. MAE optimization at 60 °C, 300 watts, 14 min, and 22 mLsolv/gbiom led to 11.14% w/w yield, 63.36 mg/gextr total chlorophylls, 7.06 mg/gextr selected carotenoids of astaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene, 24.88 mg/gextr total carotenoids, 9.34 mgGA/gextr total phenolics, and 40.49 mgextr/mgDPPH IC50 (antioxidant activity indicator). Moreover, the conventional solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with aq. ethanol 90% v/v, the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2, as well as SFE with cosolvent addition (10% w/w ethanol), were also performed for comparison purposes. The results revealed that SLE presented the highest yield. However, the non-conventional methods of MAE and SFE led to extracts of competitive or even better quality under significantly shorter extraction duration.	en
heal.sponsor	The implementation of the doctoral thesis of the author Ioulia Georgiopoulou was co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) through the Operational Programme “Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning” in the context of the Act “Enhancing Human Resources Research Potential by undertaking a Doctoral Research” Sub-action 2: IKY Scholarship Programme for PhD candidates in the Greek Universities.	en
heal.publisher	MDPI	en
heal.journalName	Applied Sciences	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	false
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042740	el