Διαχείριση παράκτιας ζώνης σε περιοχές που βρίσκονται υπό την επίδραση γεωδυναμικών φαινομένων

Τσώκος, Ανδρέας; Tsokos, Andreas

dc.contributor.author	Τσώκος, Ανδρέας	el
dc.contributor.author	Tsokos, Andreas	el
dc.date.accessioned	2024-09-05T10:00:13Z
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/60136
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.26240/heal.ntua.27832
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ελλάδα	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr/	*
dc.subject	Παράκτια διάβρωση	el
dc.subject	Εκτίμησης τρωτότητας	el
dc.subject	Διαχείρισης παράκτιας ζώνης	el
dc.subject	Coastal erosion	en
dc.subject	Vulnerability assessment	en
dc.subject	Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan	en
dc.title	Διαχείριση παράκτιας ζώνης σε περιοχές που βρίσκονται υπό την επίδραση γεωδυναμικών φαινομένων	el
dc.title	Coastal zone management in areas under the influence of geodynamic phenomena	en
heal.type	doctoralThesis
heal.classification	Ακτομηχανική	el
heal.classification	Coastal engineering	en
heal.dateAvailable	2025-09-04T21:00:00Z
heal.language	el
heal.access	embargo
heal.recordProvider	ntua	el
heal.publicationDate	2024-01-24
heal.abstract	Η παράκτια ζώνη είναι ένα δυναμικό περιβάλλον, ευαίσθητο σε μεταβολές, το οποίο επηρεάζεται τόσο από φυσικούς παράγοντες (π.χ. κλιματικούς) όσο και από τις ανθρωπογενείς παρεμβάσεις (π.χ. δόμηση και κατοίκηση κοντά στην ακτή). Η παράκτια διάβρωση είναι ένας από τους σημαντικότερους φυσικούς κινδύνους της παράκτιας ζώνης. Υπάρχουν πολλές μέθοδοι εκτίμησης της τρωτότητας μιας παραλίας στην παράκτια διάβρωση, όπως επίσης και πολλές τεχνικές ποιοτικού και ποσοτικού προσδιορισμού του βαθμού στον οποίον αυτή έχει πραγματοποιηθεί. Το θέμα αυτό πραγματεύεται η παρούσα διδακτορική εργασία. Συγκεκριμένα, έχουν μελετηθεί η παραλία του Μύρτου στην Κεφαλονιά και η παράκτια ζώνη του Ξυλοκάστρου στο Νότιο Κορινθιακό Κόλπο. Η πρώτη περιοχή εξετάσθηκε ως προς τα φαινόμενα διάβρωσης και υποχώρησης της ακτογραμμής, αλλά και ως προς τα φαινόμενα παράκτιων κατολισθήσεων, εξαιτίας των ισχυρών κυμάτων και καταιγίδων που προκλήθηκαν από τον μεσογειακό κυκλώνα «Ιανός», το Σεπτέμβριο του 2020. Η δεύτερη περιοχή εξετάσθηκε ως προς τη διάβρωση της ακτής σε περίοδο 72 ετών λόγω των ανθρωπογενών επεμβάσεων και ειδικότερα της κατοίκησης και της δόμησης στο παράκτιο περιβάλλον. Οι δύο αυτές περιοχές χαρακτηρίζονται από διαφορετικούς παράκτιους κινδύνους. Ο μεν Κορινθιακός Κόλπος χαρακτηρίζεται από έντονη παράκτια διάβρωση και υποχώρηση της ακτογραμμής. Ο δε Μύρτος χαρακτηρίζεται από συχνά φαινόμενα μετακινήσεων μαζών, που συνίστανται σε κατολισθήσεις, καταπτώσεις βράχων, δεβριτικές ροές και λασπορροές. Λόγω της υψηλής σημασίας της παράκτιας ζώνης αυτών των περιοχών, κρίνεται απαραίτητο ένα σχέδιο ολοκληρωμένης διαχείρισής της, που πραγματοποιείται σε προκαταρκτικό στάδιο στην παρούσα διατριβή.	el
heal.abstract	The coastal zone is the area between the sea and the land which is affected by both terrestrial and marine processes. These processes interact in various ways, causing a distinct site-specific coastal development. The coastal system is among the most dynamic and sensitive environments on Earth. It is particularly sensitive to changes due to marine or terrestrial causes and in many cases adapts quickly to them. Characteristic examples are the periodic creation and destruction of sandy landforms such as coastal dunes. However, the said adjustment can in some cases be negative. Coastal erosion and loss of coastal wetlands, for example, are among the most characteristic examples of coastal degradation. The coastal zone itself is a very sensitive system, both to natural changes and due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Thus, the coastline is subject to frequent changes over time, i.e. either retreating or advancing. These changes are either long-term or short-term. Climate change has brought about enormous changes worldwide, affecting the coastal zone as well. The ice sheets and glaciers are melting and this is a danger to the coasts with a direct consequence of the rise of the sea level. The rise of the sea level in turn brings about many negative effects both on the coastal environment and on coastal societies and activities. It is evident that the coastal zone, being one of the most sensitive natural environments, is particularly threatened by human activities and interventions, while at the same time providing many benefits to coastal communities, and therefore in need of protection. However, "integrated coastal zone management" is not a simple term. In addition to the protection of the coast, another goal includes its sustainable development. This can be achieved, for example, through the development of various economic sectors in the coastal zone. In addition, it aims at the sustainable management of available resources. Another goal is to preserve both the natural and cultural heritage of the coastal zone. These two aspects concern both the respect of the natural and cultural heritage and the safeguarding of the economic development of coastal communities. Therefore, critical steps for integrated coastal zone management include cooperation between different governance sectors, the active involvement of researchers and scientific organizations, and the people (e.g. Tătui et al., 2019). Aerial photography technology has been widely used to determine such changes on various coastlines worldwide. Their advantage is the ability to capture the exact shape of the coast and often at a sufficiently fine resolution to allow the quantification of these changes. Thus, of course, depending on the time period they cover, as well as their number and scale, rates of change (advance or retreat) of the coastline can be extracted, as well as correlated with the physical geographic and climatic characteristics of the area, anthropogenic interventions, but also climate change itself. Also, the quantification of change and its geographical distribution through a coastline vulnerability index is a methodology often used by the scientific community. The automation of this tool and the possibility of modifying some parameters that are more or less important for each study area can contribute significantly to the study of coastal erosion. In the context of this PhD thesis, tools based on the above were used and developed in order to better approach the study and management of coastal risks. Two regions of Greece have been selected, namely the South Corinth Gulf (N. Peloponnese) and Myrtos Beach (Kefalonia). The reason why the specific areas were chosen is because they represent two different types of shoreline-related hazards. While the South Corinth Gulf is representative of the retreat of the coastline due to anthropogenic interventions and, possibly, climate change, Myrtos is an area characterized by strong mass movement phenomena (e.g. landslides). For the two study areas, bibliographic data, maps, satellite images, aerial photographs and, for the Corinthian, images collected through unmanned aerial vehicles have been analyzed for different periods. More specifically, regarding the South Corinthian Gulf, aerial photographs were collected during the period 1987-2010, satellite images during the period 2000-2012, as well as photographic data from a UAV flight during the year 2017. Aerial photographs and satellite images were photogrammetrically processed and then imported into GIS software, in order to determine and quantify the change of the coastline over the specific time period. To confirm the above, nearshore bathymetric profiles were collected and analyzed to study how subsea morphology affects shoreline displacement. For the case of Myrtos in Kefalonia, the study was more focused. Specifically, the aim of the study was to determine the landslide risk. Bibliographic data, as well as aerial photographs, were mainly used to study the displacement of the coastline. The study was twofold; on the one hand, it concerned the landslide regime in general, and on the other hand the impacts on the landslide risk and the coastal zone of one particular event, namely the Mediterranean hurricane "Janus". The aim of this PhD thesis is, initially, to draw quantitative and qualitative conclusions in relation to the evolution of the coastal zone for two study areas that are under the influence of different geodynamic phenomena. In addition to the main objective, a preliminary management study is carried out, either in terms of coastal erosion or coastal landslides, taking into account the general geological, geomorphological, but also socio-economic status of the two study areas. The above will help to understand, predict and optimally manage the coastal zone to face the upcoming risks. Regarding the structure of this thesis, first a brief description of the purpose and methodology of this thesis is given. Next, the theoretical background that was deemed necessary for its conduct is presented, namely the climate crisis, the natural hazards in the coastal zone and its management. Next, the main characteristics of the two study areas (South Corinthian Gulf and Myrtos) are described in detail. Subsequently, the methodology of the present thesis is analyzed. First, the common methodology followed for the two regions is described, and then the methods applied in each region separately. The results of this thesis are then listed in detail. More specifically, all the results for the two regions are described separately. For the Gulf of Corinth, this includes the results of remote sensing and photogrammetry, which, combined with GIS and on-site field observations, contributed to the creation of maps and the drawing of multiple conclusions in relation to coastal erosion problems. For Myrtos, the data of literature reviews, satellite images and aerial photographs were analyzed in general regarding the landslide risk, and in particular as a result of the Mediterranean cyclone "Janus". At the same time, a preliminary study was carried out in relation to the integrated management of the coastal zone. Next, the main conclusions drawn in the context of this thesis are listed, both in terms of the two areas as such, but also in terms of the methodologies used. Finally, all bibliographic references and websites used for the preparation of this thesis are listed.	en
heal.advisorName	Τσουκαλά, Βασιλική	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Λέκκας, Ευθύμιος	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Βασιλάκης, Εμμανουήλ	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Παπαδοπούλου, Μαρία	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Ευελπίδου, Νίκη	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Αντωναράκου, Ασημίνα	el
heal.committeeMemberName	Αλεξόπουλος, Ιωάννης	el
heal.academicPublisher	Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο. Σχολή Πολιτικών Μηχανικών. Τομέας Υδατικών Πόρων και Περιβάλλοντος. Εργαστήριο Λιμενικών Έργων	el
heal.academicPublisherID	ntua
heal.numberOfPages	154 σ.	el
heal.fullTextAvailability	false