Spatial variation of PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance and PMcoarse concentrations between and within 20 European study areas and the relationship with NO2 - Results of the ESCAPE project

Eeftens, M; Tsai, M-Y; Ampe, C; Anwander, B; Beelen, R; Bellander, T; Cesaroni, G; Cirach, M; Cyrys, J; de Hoogh, K; De Nazelle, A; de Vocht, F; Declercq, C; Dedele, A; Eriksen, K; Galassi, C; GraZuleviciene, R; Grivas, G; Heinrich, J; Hoffmann, B; Iakovides, M; Ineichen, A; Katsouyanni, K; Korek, M; Kramer, U; Kuhlbusch, T; Lanki, T; Madsen, C; Meliefste, K; Molter, A; Mosler, G; Nieuwenhuijsen, M; Oldenwening, M; Pennanen, A; Probst-Hensch, N; Quass, U; Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Ranzi, A; Stephanou, E; Sugiri, D; Udvardy, O; Vaskovi, E; Weinmayr, G; Brunekreef, B; Hoek, G

dc.contributor.author	Eeftens, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Tsai, M-Y	en
dc.contributor.author	Ampe, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Anwander, B	en
dc.contributor.author	Beelen, R	en
dc.contributor.author	Bellander, T	en
dc.contributor.author	Cesaroni, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Cirach, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Cyrys, J	en
dc.contributor.author	de Hoogh, K	en
dc.contributor.author	De Nazelle, A	en
dc.contributor.author	de Vocht, F	en
dc.contributor.author	Declercq, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Dedele, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Eriksen, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Galassi, C	en
dc.contributor.author	GraZuleviciene, R	en
dc.contributor.author	Grivas, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Heinrich, J	en
dc.contributor.author	Hoffmann, B	en
dc.contributor.author	Iakovides, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Ineichen, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Katsouyanni, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Korek, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Kramer, U	en
dc.contributor.author	Kuhlbusch, T	en
dc.contributor.author	Lanki, T	en
dc.contributor.author	Madsen, C	en
dc.contributor.author	Meliefste, K	en
dc.contributor.author	Molter, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Mosler, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Nieuwenhuijsen, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Oldenwening, M	en
dc.contributor.author	Pennanen, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Probst-Hensch, N	en
dc.contributor.author	Quass, U	en
dc.contributor.author	Raaschou-Nielsen, O	en
dc.contributor.author	Ranzi, A	en
dc.contributor.author	Stephanou, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Sugiri, D	en
dc.contributor.author	Udvardy, O	en
dc.contributor.author	Vaskovi, E	en
dc.contributor.author	Weinmayr, G	en
dc.contributor.author	Brunekreef, B	en
dc.contributor.author	Hoek, G	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-01T11:47:18Z
dc.date.available	2014-03-01T11:47:18Z
dc.date.issued	2012	en
dc.identifier.issn	13522310	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://dspace.lib.ntua.gr/xmlui/handle/123456789/38112
dc.subject	Coarse particle	en
dc.subject	CV	en
dc.subject	ESCAPE	en
dc.subject	GIS	en
dc.subject	LUR	en
dc.subject	PM10	en
dc.subject	PM2.5	en
dc.subject	PM2.5 absorbance	en
dc.subject	PMcoarse	en
dc.subject	RB	en
dc.subject	RH	en
dc.subject	Soot	en
dc.subject	Spatial variation	en
dc.subject	ST	en
dc.subject	Traffic	en
dc.subject	TRAPCA	en
dc.subject	UB	en
dc.subject	US EPA	en
dc.title	Spatial variation of PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance and PMcoarse concentrations between and within 20 European study areas and the relationship with NO2 - Results of the ESCAPE project	en
heal.type	other	en
heal.identifier.primary	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.038	en
heal.identifier.secondary	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.038	en
heal.publicationDate	2012	en
heal.abstract	The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates relationships between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and health using cohort studies across Europe. This paper analyses the spatial variation of PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10 and PMcoarse concentrations between and within 20 study areas across Europe.We measured NO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 between October 2008 and April 2011 using standardized methods. PMcoarse was determined as the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. In each of the twenty study areas, we selected twenty PM monitoring sites to represent the variability in important air quality predictors, including population density, traffic intensity and altitude. Each site was monitored over three 14-day periods spread over a year, using Harvard impactors. Results for each site were averaged after correcting for temporal variation using data obtained from a reference site, which was operated year-round.Substantial concentration differences were observed between and within study areas. Concentrations for all components were higher in Southern Europe than in Western and Northern Europe, but the pattern differed per component with the highest average PM2.5 concentrations found in Turin and the highest PMcoarse in Heraklion. Street/urban background concentration ratios for PMcoarse (mean ratio 1.42) were as large as for PM2.5 absorbance (mean ratio 1.38) and higher than those for PM2.5 (1.14) and PM10 (1.23), documenting the importance of non-tailpipe emissions. Correlations between components varied between areas, but were generally high between NO2 and PM2.5 absorbance (average R2 = 0.80). Correlations between PM2.5 and PMcoarse were lower (average R2 = 0.39). Despite high correlations, concentration ratios between components varied, e.g. the NO2/PM2.5 ratio varied between 0.67 and 3.06.In conclusion, substantial variability was found in spatial patterns of PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10 and PMcoarse. The highly standardized measurement of particle concentrations across Europe will contribute to a consistent assessment of health effects across Europe. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	en
heal.journalName	Atmospheric Environment	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.038	en
dc.identifier.volume	62	en
dc.identifier.spage	303	en
dc.identifier.epage	317	en