Παραγωγή βιοαερίου και λιπάσματος από τα απορρίμματα κοτόπουλων. Σχεδιασμός, εξεργειακή και περιβαλλοντική ανάλυση. Η περίπτωση του Δήμου Μεγάρων

Abstract

The use of energy is currently the focus of most human activities, while many of the environmental problems of modern societies refer as a benchmark of technology production and use. The energy resources are an example of exhaustion of natural resources, whose excessive use brings about a dramatic impact on both cost of living and life itself on earth. This thesis aims to approach ways of utilization of poultry waste as an energy resource, from the perspective of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Given the acute problem that occurs in both national and local level in the management of agricultural waste, particularly livestock, the examination in the light of a modern and detailed methodology may yield new data and provide useful guidelines and principles in addressing the issue. The goal then is a general presentation of the theoretical framework for poultry waste, existing methods of management and evaluation of the present situation in Greece. The case of the Municipality of Megara is chosen in order to identify the problem in real conditions. The area is a representative example of a municipality with a large capacity of poultry and severe problem in waste management. At the introduction, Chapter 1, a general approach to the problem of poultry waste in relation with the anthropocentric environment is attempted. Then, the exposition of problems around poultry waste is essential. Thus, in Chapter 2 the basic concepts of poultry waste are defined, such as composition, production volume of waste, pollution load, and environmental costs and impacts. In Chapter 3 a detailed description of modern technologies and methods with worldwide application as well as reference to the parameters and factors affecting them is accomplice. Furthermore an overall assessment and comparison of these methods is carried out in relation to poultry waste. In Chapter 4 a detailed analysis of the final products of anaerobic digestion, as a method of treatment of poultry waste, is made, with emphasis on the construction of similar plant, plant parts, economic analysis, and ability of the method to produce biogas and compost. Moreover, in Chapter 5 the problem in the Municipality of Megara is delineated. The current management waste practice is described and an analysis of parameters that must be taken under consideration in waste practice adjustment is accomplice. Such parameters have reference to population data, region‘s geography / geology, climate, land use and the use of RES. Chapter 6 is the analysis of method chosen for poultry waste utilization related to Municipality of Megara needs. Additionally, implementation and effectuation of a poultry waste management plan in accordance with the data obtained for the study area is attempted. Economic analysis, environmental impact, and exergy analysis consider integral parts of such an analysis. In Chapter 7 the main conclusions drawn for both the problem of the management of poultry waste, and the application of alternative forms of management which are proposed for the Municipality of Megara are mentioned.