Ανάλυση προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων των μεταβολών στην απασχόληση σε χώρες της Ε.Ε.

Abstract

Εισαγωγή στις βασικές έννοιες της απασχόλησης και της αγοράς εργασίας.Μεταβολή της απασχόλησης και της ανεργίας σε χώρες της Ε.Ε. κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης.Εισαγωγή στην έννοια της παραγωγικότητας και παράθεση των βασικών μέτρων μέτρησης αυτής. Αναλυτική παρουσίαση του μοντέλου αναλυτικής αποδόμησης LDMI (Logarithmic Divisia Mean Index) και εισαγωγή των προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων της απασχόλησης σε αυτό με παράλληλη σύγκριση του μοντέλου με άλλα ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενα. Παράθεση αποτελεσμάτων για μεταβολές απασχόλησης , ακαθάριστης προστιθέμενης αξίας , ένταση εργασίας και διάρθρωσης της οικονομόιας των υπό μελέτη χωρών καθώς και αποτελεσμάτων Divisia.

The aim of the present diploma thesis is to study the development of employment in countries of the EU and to analyse her defining factors with application of a decomposition analysis model. For the development of this work were used as primary data, tables that present elements for the structure of economies of each country, the Gross Value Added and the intensity of work and which emanate from the network place of European Statistical Service (EUROSTAT). In the first chapter of the thesis we achieve an import in the basic significances of job market, employment and unemployment. Followed by an extensive analysis of economic developments and developments in the job market of member states of the EU during the crisis. Finally becomes reason for the productivity as well as for the various metres of its measurement. Then we present the most basic models of decomposition analysis and after extensively comparing them we present the final LDMI (logarithmic mean divisia index) model that we used. In chapter 5 we focus on an analytic presentation of the decomposition analysis model that we used and which is followed by importing the defining parameters of employment in this. Still is presented the problem of null prices that often appears in such decomposition analysis studies and we propose various ways of confrontation. The usefulness of the LDMI method is big while it is applied in a lot of energy studies and allows us to study the exclusive action of each defining factor of an analysis while considering the remaining factors, immutable. Here it is stressed that it is the first time where such an attempt to apply a decomposition analysis method in an employment analysis problem was made, and it was applied with particular success. Closing we analytically present the results of our work starting from a general analysis of the employment development. Still we present elements and charts for the change of Gross Value Added in the under study countries in the time period between 2001 and 2008, the structure of their economies and the change of work intensity per sector of production. Finally we present an analytic, both graphic and quantitative analysis of the results of Divisia method which is followed by an extensive annotation of those.